爬虫之pyquery库
官方文档：https://pyquery.readthedocs.io/en/latest/
PyQuery是一个强大又灵活的网页解析库。如果你觉得正则写起来太麻烦、BeautifulSoup语法太难记，而你熟悉jQury的语法，那么PyQuery就是你的绝佳选择。
一、开始
字符串初始化：
from pyquery import PyQuery as pq
d = pq("<html>哈哈哈</html>") # 现在d就相当于jQuery的$
print(d("html"))
URL初始化：
from pyquery import PyQuery as pq
d = pq(url="https://www.baidu.com")
print(d("head"))
文件初始化：
from pyquery import PyQuery as pq
d = pq(filename='demo.html') # filename指定文件路径
print(d("head"))
二、基本CSS选择器
html = """
<div id="container">
<ul class="list">
<li class="item-0">first item</li>
<li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
<li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
<li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
<li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
"""
from pyquery import PyQuery as pq
d = pq(html)
print(d("#container .list li"))
三、查找元素
子元素
d("css选择器").find("li")
html = """
<div id="container">
<ul class="list">
<li class="item-0">first item</li>
<li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
<li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
<li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
<li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
"""
from pyquery import PyQuery as pq
d = pq(html)
items = d(".list")
print(type(items)) # <class 'pyquery.pyquery.PyQuery'>
li = items.find("li")
print(type(li)) # <class 'pyquery.pyquery.PyQuery'>
print(li)
"""
<li class="item-0">first item</li>
<li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
<li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
<li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
<li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>
"""
父元素
d("css选择器").parent(<css选择器(可无)>)
html = """
<div class="wrap">
<div id="container">
<ul class="list">
<li class="item-0">first item</li>
<li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
<li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
<li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
<li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
"""
from pyquery import PyQuery as pq
d = pq(html)
items = d(".list")
parents = items.parents()
print(parents)
"""
<div class="wrap">
<div id="container">
<ul class="list">
<li class="item-0">first item</li>
<li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
<li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
<li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
<li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div id="container">
<ul class="list">
<li class="item-0">first item</li>
<li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
<li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
<li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
<li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
"""
d(".list").parents()
html = """
<div class="wrap">
<div id="container">
<ul class="list">
<li class="item-0">first item</li>
<li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
<li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
<li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
<li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
"""
from pyquery import PyQuery as pq
d = pq(html)
items = d(".list")
parents = items.parents(".wrap")
print(parents)
"""
<div class="wrap">
<div id="container">
<ul class="list">
<li class="item-0">first item</li>
<li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
<li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
<li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
<li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
"""
d(".list").parents(".wrap")
兄弟元素
d("css选择器").siblings(<css选择器(可无)>)
html = """
<div class="wrap">
<div id="container">
<ul class="list">
<li class="item-0">first item</li>
<li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
<li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
<li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
<li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
"""
from pyquery import PyQuery as pq
d = pq(html)
li = d(".list .item-0.active")
print(li.siblings())
"""
<li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
<li class="item-0">first item</li>
<li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
<li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>
"""
html = """
<div class="wrap">
<div id="container">
<ul class="list">
<li class="item-0">first item</li>
<li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
<li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
<li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
<li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
"""
from pyquery import PyQuery as pq
d = pq(html)
li = d(".list .item-0.active")
print(li.siblings(".active"))
"""
<li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
"""
四、遍历
html = """
<div class="wrap">
<div id="container">
<ul class="list">
<li class="item-0">first item</li>
<li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
<li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
<li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
<li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
"""
from pyquery import PyQuery as pq
d = pq(html)
li = d("li").items()
print(type(li)) # <class 'generator'>
for i in li:
print(i)
"""
<li class="item-0">first item</li>
<li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
<li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
<li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
<li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>
"""
五、获取信息
获取属性
html = """
<div class="wrap">
<div id="container">
<ul class="list">
<li class="item-0">first item</li>
<li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
<li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
<li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
<li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
"""
from pyquery import PyQuery as pq
d = pq(html)
a = d(".item-0.active a")
print(a.attr("href"))
print(a.attr.href)
获取文本
html = """
<div class="wrap">
<div id="container">
<ul class="list">
<li class="item-0">first item</li>
<li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
<li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
<li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
<li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
"""
from pyquery import PyQuery as pq
d = pq(html)
a = d(".item-0.active a")
print(a.text())
"""
third item
"""
获取html
html = """
<div class="wrap">
<div id="container">
<ul class="list">
<li class="item-0">first item</li>
<li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
<li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
<li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
<li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
"""
from pyquery import PyQuery as pq
d = pq(html)
li = d(".item-0.active")
print(li)
print(li.html())
"""
<li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
<a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a>
"""
六、DOM操作
addClass()、removeClass()
html = """
<div class="wrap">
<div id="container">
<ul class="list">
<li class="item-0">first item</li>
<li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
<li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
<li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
<li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
"""
from pyquery import PyQuery as pq
d = pq(html)
li = d(".item-0.active")
print(li)
li.removeClass("active")
print(li)
li.addClass("active")
print(li)
"""
<li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
<li class="item-0"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
<li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
"""
attr()、css()
html = """
<div class="wrap">
<div id="container">
<ul class="list">
<li class="item-0">first item</li>
<li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
<li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
<li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
<li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
"""
from pyquery import PyQuery as pq
d = pq(html)
li = d(".item-0.active")
print(li)
li.attr("name", "link")
print(li)
li.css("font-size", "14px")
print(li)
"""
<li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
<li class="item-0 active" name="link"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
<li class="item-0 active" name="link" style="font-size: 14px"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
"""
remove()
html = """
<div class="wrap">
Hello, World.
<p>This is a paragraph.</p>
</div>
""" from pyquery import PyQuery as pq
d = pq(html)
wrap = d(".wrap")
print(wrap.text())
"""
Hello, World.
This is a paragraph.
"""
wrap.find("p").remove()
print(wrap.text()) # Hello, World.
其他DOM方法
https://pyquery.readthedocs.io/en/latest/api.html
七、伪类选择器
html = """
<div class="wrap">
<div id="container">
<ul class="list">
<li class="item-0">first item</li>
<li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
<li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
<li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
<li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
"""
from pyquery import PyQuery as pq
d = pq(html)
li = d("li:first-child")
print(li) # <li class="item-0">first item</li>
li = d("li:last-child")
print(li) # <li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>
li = d("li:nth-child(2)")
print(li) # <li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
li = d("li:gt(2)") # 从0开始计数，索引大于2
print(li)
"""
<li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
<li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>
"""
li = d("li:nth-child(2n)") # 获取偶数顺序的元素（从1开始）
print(li)
"""
<li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
<li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
"""
li = d("li:contains(second)") # 根据文本匹配，匹配文本包含second的标签
print(li) # <li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
更多选择器：http://www.w3school.com.cn/cssref/css_selectors.asp
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