Oracle透明网关访问MySQL数据库

针对oracle数据库不同实例之间的数据访问，我们可以直接通过dblink访问，如果oracle数据库想访问mysql/sqlserver等数据库的数据，我们可以通过配置oracle透明网关实现异构数据库dblink访问。

好久没做透明网关的配置了，最近有业务需求，这里将部署过程做个记录，希望对有需要的朋友有所帮助。

一、Oracle数据库通过透明网关访问MySQL数据库环境说明

RHEL6.6  oracle 11.2.0.4

RHEL6.6 MySQL5.7

odbc

二、数据访问流程

oracle——dg4odbc——odbc——mysql

三、Oracle透明网关（MySQL）安装

oracle 11.2.0.4默认安装了odbc透明网关
验证：
[oracle@test ~]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/hs
[oracle@test hs]$ dg4odbc

Oracle Corporation --- FRIDAY    APR 27 2018 10:07:44.375

Heterogeneous Agent Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production  Built with
   Oracle Database Gateway for ODBC

##database gateway for odbc  简称   dg4odbc

四、mysql-connector安装

下载：
https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/connector/odbc/
https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/Connector-ODBC/8.0/mysql-connector-odbc-8.0.11-1.el6.x86_64.rpm

安装：

[root@test ~]# rpm -ivh mysql-connector-odbc-8.0.11-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
warning: mysql-connector-odbc-8.0.11-1.el6.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
Preparing...                ########################################### [100%]
   1:mysql-connector-odbc   ########################################### [100%]
Success: Usage count is 1
Success: Usage count is 1

依赖包安装：
yum install unixODBC*

rpm -qa |grep unixODBC

unixODBC-devel-2.2.14-14.el6.x86_64
unixODBC-2.2.14-14.el6.x86_64

五、ODBC配置

[root@test ~]# vi /etc/odbc.ini

[mysql_test]
Description     = ODBC for MySQL
Driver          = /usr/lib64/libmyodbc8w.so
Server          = mysql_ipaddr
Port            = 3306
User            = dbtest
Password        = abcd1234
Database        = test 

六、MySQL数据库创建账号、授权并测试连通性

账号创建：
(root:localhost:Fri Apr 27 10:16:11 2018)[(none)]>create database test;
(root:localhost:Fri Apr 27 10:16:22 2018)[(none)]>grant all on test.* to dbtest@'%' identified by 'abcd1234';
(root:localhost:Fri Apr 27 10:16:40 2018)[(none)]>flush privileges;
连通性测试：

[root@test ~]# isql mysql_test
+---------------------------------------+
| Connected!                            |
|                                       |
| sql-statement                         |
| help [tablename]                      |
| quit                                  |
|                                       |
+---------------------------------------+
SQL> 

七、Oracle数据库相关配置

（1）hs透明网关配置

[oracle@test ~]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/hs
[oracle@test hs]$ cd admin
[oracle@test admin]$ vi initmysql_test.ora

##HS Configuration

HS_FDS_CONNECT_INFO = mysql_test
HS_FDS_TRACE_LEVEL = debug
HS_FDS_SHAREABLE_NAME = /usr/lib64/libodbc.so
HS_FDS_SUPPORT_STATISTICS=FALSE
HS_LANGUAGE=AMERICAN_AMERICA.zhs16gbk

##ODBC Configuration

set ODBCINI=/etc/odbc.ini

##这里配置的是数据库实例名、odbc lib包，oracle数据库字符集、odbc配置文件路径

（2）监听配置

[oracle@test admin]$ vi /U01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/network/admin/listener.ora

SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
  (SID_DESC =
  (GLOBAL_DBNAME = dbsid)
  (SID_NAME = dbsid)
  (ORACLE_HOME=/U01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.4)
  )
  (SID_DESC=
  (SID_NAME=mysql_test)
  (ORACLE_HOME=/U01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.4)
  (PROGRAM=dg4odbc)
  )
)

LISTENER =
  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.1.1.1)(PORT = 1521))
    )
)

重启监听
lsnrctl stop
lsnrctl start

（3）tnsname配置

配置tnsname
[oracle@test admin]$ vi /U01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/network/admin/tnsnames.ora

dbsid_mysql =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS_LIST =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.1.1.1 )(PORT = 1521))
    )
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SID = mysql_test)
    )
   (HS = OK)
  )

测试tnsname连接
[oracle@test admin]$ tnsping dbsid_mysql

TNS Ping Utility for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 27-APR-2018 12:17:58

Copyright (c) 1997, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Used parameter files:

Used TNSNAMES adapter to resolve the alias
Attempting to contact (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS_LIST = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.1.1.1)(PORT = 1521))) (CONNECT_DATA = (SID = mysql_test)) (HS = OK))
OK (0 msec)

八、dblink创建以及数据访问测试

SQL>create  PUBLIC DATABASE LINK dlk connect to "dbtest" identified by "abcd1234" using 'dbsid_mysql';

SQL> select * from "t1"@dlk;

        id
----------
        10
        11
       
SQL> insert into "t1"@dlk values(30);

1 row created.

九、错误信息以及处理方法

（1）错误01

错误信息：

SQL> select * from t1@dlk;
select * from t1@dlk
                 *
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-28500: connection from ORACLE to a non-Oracle system returned this message:
ORA-02063: preceding line from DLK

错误原因以及处理方法：hs/admin/init[sid].ora里配置的HS_FDS_SHAREABLE_NAME = /usr/lib64/libodbc.so不正确，应该是odbc的Lib包
（2）错误02
错误信息：

SQL> select * from "t1"@dlk;
select * from "t1"@dlk
                   *
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-28500: connection from ORACLE to a non-Oracle system returned this message:
[

错误原因以及处理方法：hs/admin/init[sid].ora里配置的HS_LANGUAGE=AMERICAN_AMERICA.zhs16gbk字符集不正确，应该是oracle数据库字符集
（3）错误03：
错误信息：

SQL> select * from t1@dlk;
select * from t1@dlk
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00942: table or view does not exist
[MySQL][ODBC 8.0(w) Driver][mysqld-5.7.18-log]Table 'test.T1' doesn't exist
{42S02,NativeErr = 1146}
ORA-02063: preceding 2 lines from DLK

错误原因以及处理方法：执行的查询操作，表名需要带双引号，因为mysql默认表名是区分大小写，而oracle是不区分大小写的 select * from "t1"@dlk;
（4）参考文档
https://blog.csdn.net/u012514278/article/details/51741698
http://blog.itpub.net/7728585/viewspace-2128158/
http://www.docin.com/p-113642416.html