Nginx 核心配置-根目录root指令与别名alias指令实战案例

　　　　　　　　　　Nginx核心配置-根目录root指令与别名alias指令实战案例

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　作者：尹正杰

版权声明：原创作品，谢绝转载！否则将追究法律责任。

一.试验环境说明

1>.虚拟机环境说明

[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# uname -r
3.10.-.el7.x86_64
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# uname -m
x86_64
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS Linux release 7.6. (Core)
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# grep 172.30.1.101 /etc/hosts
172.30.1.101 node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#

2>.主配置文件

[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# cat /yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
worker_processes  ;
worker_cpu_affinity    ; 

events {
    worker_connections  ;
    use epoll;
    accept_mutex on;
    multi_accept on;
}

http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;
    sendfile        on;
    gzip  on;
    charset utf-;
    keepalive_timeout   ;
    server {
        listen       ;
        server_name  localhost;
        location / {
            root   html;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }
        error_page        /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }
    }

   #导入其他路径的配置文件
   include /yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
}

[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# 

3>.Nginx源码方式安装步骤

博主推荐阅读:
    https://www.cnblogs.com/yinzhengjie/p/12031651.html

二.编辑root案例

1>.编辑子配置文件

[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# cat /yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx/conf.d/image.conf
server {
    listen ;
    server_name node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn;

    location / {
        root /yinzhengjie/data/web/nginx/html/pc;
        index index.html;
    }

    location /image {
        root /yinzhengjie/data/web/nginx/html;
        index index.html;
    }
}
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# 

2>.创建测试数据

[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# echo "<h1 style='color:rgb(255,0,255)'>Welcome to 'https://www.cnblogs.com/yinzhengjie/'</h1>" > /yinzhengjie/data/web/nginx/html/index.html
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# cat  /yinzhengjie/data/web/nginx/html/index.html
<h1 style='color:rgb(255,0,255)'>Welcome to 'https://www.cnblogs.com/yinzhengjie/'</h1>
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# file  /yinzhengjie/data/web/nginx/html/index.html
/yinzhengjie/data/web/nginx/html/index.html: ASCII text
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# mkdir -pv /yinzhengjie/data/web/nginx/html/image
mkdir: created directory ‘/yinzhengjie/data/web/nginx/html/image’
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ll
total
-rw-r--r--  root root  Dec  : 01人柱力.jpg
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# mv 01人柱力.jpg /yinzhengjie/data/web/nginx/html/image/.jpg　　　　　　　　#你可以自己从网上下载一些图片，我这直接从本地拷贝的。
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ll
total
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# echo "<h1 style='color:rgb(0,0,255)'>In the Image</h1>" > /yinzhengjie/data/web/nginx/html/image/index.html
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ll /yinzhengjie/data/web/nginx/html/image/
total
-rw-r--r--  root root  Dec  : .jpg
-rw-r--r--  root root      Dec  : index.html
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# cd /yinzhengjie/data/web/nginx/html/image/
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn /yinzhengjie/data/web/nginx/html/image]#
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn /yinzhengjie/data/web/nginx/html/image]# file .jpg
.jpg: JPEG image data, JFIF standard 1.01
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn /yinzhengjie/data/web/nginx/html/image]#
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn /yinzhengjie/data/web/nginx/html/image]# file index.html
index.html: ASCII text
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn /yinzhengjie/data/web/nginx/html/image]#

3>.重新加载配置文件，是子配置文件生效

[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ps -ef | grep nginx | grep -v grep
root              : ?        :: nginx: master process nginx
nginx          : ?        :: nginx: worker process
nginx          : ?        :: nginx: worker process
nginx          : ?        :: nginx: worker process
nginx          : ?        :: nginx: worker process
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# nginx -s reload
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ps -ef | grep nginx | grep -v grep　　　　　　　　　　　　　#master进程的ID并没有发生改变，但worker进程的PID变化了，说明reload执行成功了。
root              : ?        :: nginx: master process nginx
nginx          : ?        :: nginx: worker process
nginx          : ?        :: nginx: worker process
nginx          : ?        :: nginx: worker process
nginx          : ?        :: nginx: worker process
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# 、

4>.浏览器访问"http://node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn/image/",可以访问到数据，如下图所示。

5>.浏览器访问"http://node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn/image/01.jpg",可以访问到数据，如下图所示。

 

三.编辑alias案例

1>.修改子配置文件

[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# vim /yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx/conf.d/image.conf
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# cat /yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx/conf.d/image.conf
server {
    listen ;
    server_name node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn;

    location / {
        root /yinzhengjie/data/web/nginx/html/pc;
        index index.html;
    }

    location /image {
        #注意,root指令表示指定默认的web根目录所在位置,当请求到当前location时，其实访问的是/yinzhengjie/data/web/nginx/html/image/index.html
        #root /yinzhengjie/data/web/nginx/html;
        #alias和root是有所区别的，alias指令表示指定路径别名,当请求到当前location时，其实访问的是/yinzhengjie/data/web/nginx/html/index.html
        alias /yinzhengjie/data/web/nginx/html;
        index index.html;
    }
}
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# 

2>.重新加载nginx的配置文件

[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ps -ef | grep nginx | grep -v grep
root              : ?        :: nginx: master process nginx
nginx          : ?        :: nginx: worker process
nginx          : ?        :: nginx: worker process
nginx          : ?        :: nginx: worker process
nginx          : ?        :: nginx: worker process
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# nginx -s reload
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ps -ef | grep nginx | grep -v grep
root              : ?        :: nginx: master process nginx
nginx          : ?        :: nginx: worker process
nginx          : ?        :: nginx: worker process
nginx          : ?        :: nginx: worker process
nginx          : ?        :: nginx: worker process
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# 

3>.浏览器访问"http://node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn/image/",可以访问到数据，如下图所示。

4>.浏览器访问"http://node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn/image/01.jpg",不可以访问到数据，如下图所示。