Bitwise AND of Numbers Range 

Given a range [m, n] where 0 <= m <= n <= 2147483647, return the bitwise AND of all numbers in this range, inclusive.

For example, given the range [5, 7], you should return 4.

Credits:
Special thanks to @amrsaqr for adding this problem and creating all test cases.

从m到n逐个做与操作肯定是不合理的,最多要进行INT_MAX*32次位与操作。

可以把复杂度降低到32次移位并处理。

对于每一位来说,只要中间存在一个0,该位就是0,只有全1的时候才是1.

因此问题变为:对于从右数第i位数字,从m到n之间是否全1?

满足全1要同时满足两个条件:

(1)m的相应位置是1 即起始位置必须是1

(2)m到n之间的间隔不大于m到最后一个连续1的间隔

class Solution {
public:
int rangeBitwiseAnd(int m, int n) {
int ret = ;
int gap = n - m;
if(gap == )
return m;
int bit = ;
//note that 0 <= m <= n <= 2147483647
//the highest bit must be 0, thus skip i == 31
for(int i = ; i < ; i ++)
{//bit by bit check zero
int ind = m % (int)pow(2.0, i+);
if((ind >= (int)pow(2.0, i)) && (ind+gap <= (int)pow(2.0, i+)-))
//all 1's
ret |= bit;
bit <<= ;
}
return ret;
}
};

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