leetcode-62. Unique Paths · DP + vector
题面
A robot is located at the top-left corner of a m x n grid (marked 'Start' in the diagram below).
The robot can only move either down or right at any point in time. The robot is trying to reach the bottom-right corner of the grid (marked 'Finish' in the diagram below).
How many possible unique paths are there?
Note: m and n will be at most 100.

说白了就是:统计从二维数组左上角到右下角总共有多少不同路径。(0 <= m, n <= 100)
样例
Example 1:
Input: m = 3, n = 2
Output: 3
Explanation:
From the top-left corner, there are a total of 3 ways to reach the bottom-right corner:
1. Right -> Right -> Down
2. Right -> Down -> Right
3. Down -> Right -> RightExample 2:
Input: m = 7, n = 3
Output: 28
思路
由于只能朝下或者右走,稍加推导,我们就可以看出:当前点的路径数就等于它左边点路径数加上上边点路径数,很容易想到递归(很不幸,层数过大,栈会溢出!)。so, 我们只能通过DP循环来做。
算法 : DP
时间复杂度:O(m*n)
空间复杂度:O(m*n)
1. 用二维数组还是一维数组记录状态都可以,我们先用二维来说明问题。即:创建二维数组dp[m][n]
2. 预处理第一行和第一列,因为第一行只能往右走,第一列只能往下走(只有一条路径,所以都初始化为1)
3. 遍历二维DP数组:当前点路径=上边点路径+左边点路径
状态方程:
dp[0][j] = 1
dp[i][0] = 1
dp[i][j] = dp[i-1][j] + dp[i][j-1]
源码
int uniquePaths(int m, int n) {
if(m == || n == )
return ;
int dp[n][m] = {};
dp[][] = ;
for(int i=; i<m; i++)
dp[][i] = ;
for(int i=; i<n; i++)
dp[i][] = ;
for(int i=; i<n; i++)
{
for(int j=; j<m; j++)
{
dp[i][j] = dp[i][j-] + dp[i-][j];
}
}
return dp[n-][m-];
}
优化:空间优化
上面算法,我们使用了二维数组记录DP状态,其实用一维就够了。推到一个简单的例子你就会发现,焦点总是在一行上,只要用一行从上到下滑动,就可达到目的。
时间复杂度:O(m*n)
空间复杂度:O(n)
源码
int uniquePaths(int m, int n) {
//空间压缩
if(m == || n == )
return ;
int dp[m] = {};
for(int i=; i<m; i++)
dp[i] = ;
for(int i=; i<n; i++)
{
dp[] = ;
for(int j=; j<m; j++)
{
dp[j] = dp[j-] + dp[j];
}
}
return dp[m-];
}
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