1. oracle12C的安装

官方安装文档：https://docs.oracle.com/database/121/LTDQI/toc.htm#BHCCADGD

1.软件准备

　　oracle12c.zip 安装包

　　VMware 虚拟机

　　redhat7.0 系统

　　Xmanagement

2. 在VMware下安装redhat7.0系统

　　注：硬盘80GB

• 我的标准分区/boot :200M    swap:2000M     /:20000M
• 推荐LVM 逻辑分区

3.配置linux7.0

　　3.1 IP 网关 配置：手动固定ip

[root@localhost ~]# nmcli conn modify eno16777736 ipv4.addresses '192.168.144.128/24 192.168.144.1'
[root@localhost ~]# nmcli conn modify eno16777736 ipv4.method manual
[root@localhost ~]# nmcli conn modify eno16777736 connection.autoconnect yes

　　

　　3.2 配置ssh服务端，停止在链接的ssh的时候启用dns解析

 　　vim /etc/ssh/sshd_config
　　#UseDNS yes
    UseDNS no

　　

　　3.3 禁用防火墙

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop firewalld
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl disable firewalld
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl status firewalld
firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; disabled)
   Active: inactive (dead)

　　

　　3.4 禁用selinux

[root@localhost ~]# getenforce
Permissive
[root@localhost ~]#
[root@localhost ~]# setenforce 0
[root@localhost ~]#
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/selinux/
SELINUX=permissive

　　

　　3.5 完成后重启

 [root@localhost ~]# reboot

　　

4.检查硬件环境

# 内存大小
[root@localhost ~]# grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo
MemTotal:         kB

# swap大小
[root@localhost ~]# grep SwapTotal /proc/meminfo
SwapTotal:        kB

# tmp文件夹大小
[root@localhost ~]# df -k /tmp
Filesystem     1K-blocks    Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3            % /

# 磁盘大小
[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3        20G  .8G   16G  % /
devtmpfs        .0G       .0G   % /dev
tmpfs           .0G   84K  .0G   % /dev/shm
tmpfs           .0G  8.9M  .0G   % /run
tmpfs           .0G       .0G   % /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1       197M  101M   97M  % /boot
/dev/sr0        .5G  .5G      % /run/media/root/RHEL-7.0 Server.x86_64

# cpu
[root@localhost ~]# grep "model name" /proc/cpuinfo
model name    : AMD A8-4500M APU with Radeon(tm) HD Graphics
model name    : AMD A8-4500M APU with Radeon(tm) HD Graphics
model name    : AMD A8-4500M APU with Radeon(tm) HD Graphics
model name    : AMD A8-4500M APU with Radeon(tm) HD Graphics   

5. 安装linux7的包

Oracle Linux 7和红帽企业Linux 7 包
下面的包（或更新版本）必须安装：

6.安装额外的驱动程序和软件包

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/yum.repos.d/base.repo
    [base]
    name=base
    baseurl=file:///mnt
    enable=1
    gpgcheck=0
[root@localhost ~]# yum clean all
[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/sr0 /mnt
[root@localhost ~]# yum install -y compat-libcap1 glibc-devel ksh libaio-devel libstdc++-devel gcc gcc-c++ unixODBC

　　

# 开放数据库连接
Open Database Connectivity (ODBC)
Open Database Connectivity (ODBC) is a set of database access APIs that
connect to the database, prepare, and then run SQL statements on the
database. An application that uses an ODBC driver can access non-uniform
data sources, such as spreadsheets and comma-delimited files.

# 安装Oracle的ODBC驱动程序
yum install unixODBC-2.3.1

　　

　

7.系统组oinstall和用户oracle

[root@localhost ~]# groupadd oinstall
[root@localhost ~]# groupadd dba
[root@localhost ~]# useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle
[root@localhost ~]# echo oracle | passwd --stdin oracle
[root@localhost ~]# id oracle
uid=1001(oracle) gid=1001(oinstall) groups=1001(oinstall),1002(dba)

　　

8.检查内核参数,资源限制

　　1、共享内存

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/sysctl.conf
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 429496729
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576

	生效该内核参数
[root@localhost ~]# sysctl -p

　

　2.资源限制

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/security/limits.conf
oracle              soft    nproc    2047
oracle              hard    nproc    16384
oracle              soft    nofile   1024
oracle              hard    nofile   65536
oracle              soft    stack    10240
oracle              hard    stack    10240

　　

9.创建必要的目录

• Oracle基目录

• 一个可选的Oracle数据文件目录

[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3        20G  3.8G   16G  20% /
devtmpfs        2.0G     0  2.0G   0% /dev
tmpfs           2.0G   84K  2.0G   1% /dev/shm
tmpfs           2.0G  8.9M  2.0G   1% /run
tmpfs           2.0G     0  2.0G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1       197M  101M   97M  52% /boot
/dev/sr0        3.5G  3.5G     0 100% /run/media/root/RHEL-7.0 Server.x86_64

　　Oracle基目录必须有空闲磁盘空间3 GB或4 GB的可用磁盘空间

　　/u01目录扩容

[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sda    # 至少26G  +
[root@localhost ~]# partprobe
[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/sda5
[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/sda5 /u01
[root@localhost ~]# blkid
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/fstab
[root@localhost ~]# mount -a
[root@localhost ~]# mount

　　

　　检查需要的目录，权限

# mkdir -p /u01/app/
# chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/
# chmod -R  /u01/app/

　注：权限修改不对，安装时会出现错误

10.执行xhost +

　　xhost + 是使所有用户都能访问Xserver.

[root@localhost oracle]# xhost +
access control disabled, clients can connect from any host
[root@localhost oracle]# 　

11. 复制安装文件到系统

[root@localhost ~]# cd /home/oracle/
[root@localhost oracle]#
[root@localhost oracle]# ll
total 3372752
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 3453696911 Aug  7 22:13 ORACLE12C.zip
[root@localhost oracle]# unzip ORACLE12C.zip 

[root@localhost oracle]# chmod 777 database/ -R
[root@localhost oracle]# chown oracle:oinstall database/ -R

　

12.重启

注：没有重启的话，出现错误

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12.开始 安装oracle12C：oracle用户登录

　　1.）oracle用户登录执行

[oracle@localhost ~]$ cd database/

[oracle@localhost database]$ ./runInstaller
Starting Oracle Universal Installer...
Checking Temp space: must be greater than 500 MB.   Actual 9085 MB    Passed
Checking swap space: must be greater than 150 MB.   Actual 1999 MB    Passed
Checking monitor: must be configured to display at least 256 colors.    Actual 16777216    Passed
le@localhost database]$ You can find the log of this install session at:
 /u01/app/oraInventory/logs/installActions2017-08-07_10-18-09PM.log
[oracle@localhost database]$

　　

　　2）安装步骤选项

　　3）执行脚本

• 　　 安装停下的话，出现以下界面   用root用户登录，执行脚本

　　

[root@localhost ~]# cd /home/oracle/
[root@localhost oracle]# cd database/
[root@localhost database]# /u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
[root@localhost database]# /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1/root.sh

• 　注：执行第二个脚本，还要下一步，下一步，不然，无法成功安装数据库命令

　

13.安装成功

• 进入SQL，oracle登录，进入

[oracle@localhost database]$ . oraenv

ORACLE_SID = [oracle] ? oracle01   # 数据库名称
The Oracle base has been set to /u01/app/oracle

[oracle@localhost database]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL> select instance_name,status from v$instance;     #查看数据库，名称状态