LFS（Linux From Scratch）构建过程全记录（四）：最后的准备

写在前面

本章将进行一系列的环境配置

目录创建

在LFS中创建文件目录

我们可以用以下的指令来创建一些基础的目录，并进行连接

mkdir -pv $LFS/{etc,var} $LFS/usr/{bin,lib,sbin}

for i in bin lib sbin; do
 ln -sv usr/$i $LFS/$i
done

case $(uname -m) in
 x86_64) mkdir -pv $LFS/lib64 ;;
esac

mkdir -pv $LFS/tools

执行该代码后，我们成功创建了一系列的目录，执行结果如下：

用户组操作

我们需要添加一个普通用户组到用户中，以免特权指令影响到新操作系统的安全

其代码如下：

groupadd lfs
useradd -s /bin/bash -g lfs -m -k /dev/null lfs

我们需要给lfs账户一个密码，指令如下：

passwd lfs

输入后我们需要键入密码并重复键入密码

我们要授予lfs对$ lfs下所有目录的完全访问权：

chown -v lfs $LFS/{usr{,/*},lib,var,etc,bin,sbin,tools}
case $(uname -m) in
 x86_64) chown -v lfs $LFS/lib64 ;;
esac

该指令的输出如下：

root@ubuntu:/home/alphainf# chown -v lfs $LFS/{usr{,/*},lib,var,etc,bin,sbin,tools}
changed ownership of '/mnt/lfs/usr' from root to lfs
changed ownership of '/mnt/lfs/usr/bin' from root to lfs
changed ownership of '/mnt/lfs/usr/lib' from root to lfs
changed ownership of '/mnt/lfs/usr/sbin' from root to lfs
ownership of '/mnt/lfs/lib' retained as lfs
changed ownership of '/mnt/lfs/var' from root to lfs
changed ownership of '/mnt/lfs/etc' from root to lfs
ownership of '/mnt/lfs/bin' retained as lfs
ownership of '/mnt/lfs/sbin' retained as lfs
changed ownership of '/mnt/lfs/tools' from root to lfs
root@ubuntu:/home/alphainf# case $(uname -m) in
>  x86_64) chown -v lfs $LFS/lib64 ;;
> esac
changed ownership of '/mnt/lfs/lib64' from root to lfs

接下来，我们切换账户到lfs下进行登陆，切换的指令为：

su - lfs

运行结果如下：

我们成功地切换到了lfs账户

新账户环境设置

设置.bash_profile，指令如下：

cat > ~/.bash_profile << "EOF"
exec env -i HOME=$HOME TERM=$TERM PS1='\u:\w\$ ' /bin/bash
EOF

设置.bashrc文件，指令如下：

cat > ~/.bashrc << "EOF"
set +h
umask 022
LFS=/mnt/lfs
LC_ALL=POSIX
LFS_TGT=$(uname -m)-lfs-linux-gnu
PATH=/usr/bin
if [ ! -L /bin ]; then PATH=/bin:$PATH; fi
PATH=$LFS/tools/bin:$PATH
CONFIG_SITE=$LFS/usr/share/config.site
export LFS LC_ALL LFS_TGT PATH CONFIG_SITE
EOF

设置完毕后，运行以下指令：

source ~/.bash_profile

设置完毕后，我们保存快照