HTC Vive之Unity3d开发日记——手柄交互编程

目录:
       HTC Vive之Unity3d开发日记

You can fool all the people some of the time,and some of the people all the time,but you can`t fool all the people all the time.  __Abraham Lincoln , American president
你可以在某些时间里欺骗所有的人，也可以在所有的时间里欺骗某些人，但你决不能在所有的时间里欺骗所有的人.
先引用俺的偶像之一林肯的一句名言,我们也许暂时不知道事情的真相,但是我们总有一天会知道的!
B格有了!继上一篇,如果你已经把设备和插件准备就绪,这一篇将先对目前的开发资源进一步整理,然后再对SteamVR Plugin进行解析.

>0       HTC Vive 开箱 + 简易评测（从购买到游戏调试安装）上

>1       
HTC Vive 开箱 + 简易评测（从购买到游戏调试安装）下

这两篇算是一个前期准备工作指南!

>2       
【浸入VIVE开发】三分钟用Unity3D开发第一个VR程序

这一篇算是一个基础教学!

>3       
基于Unity+HTC VIVE的VR游戏开发

这一篇算是一个中级教学,我从中学到了不少知识,但是缺乏对代码的深度解析,而这个将是我接下来要做的.当然,我希望阁下可以抽时间对这些资源进行深入的理解,这将有利于我们之后可以一起来探讨!

 

如图,我们要实现的是:通过代码来实现对手柄的全面掌控,重点在于交互,至于如何开发一款VR游戏是在实现交互以后需要探讨的事情,我们一步一个脚印来探索!

 

第一步,如图,我们已经导入了SteamVR Plugin,下面的SteamVR绿色图标表明Htc Vive的硬件也已经准备就绪,这是SteamVR_TestThrow场景,也是我们展开分析的入手点.这个测试很简单,就是你按下Trigger的时候,手柄上会实例化一个圆球+cube的结合体,当然松开Trigger的时候这个结合体就会脱离手柄,当然,你还可以施加一个扔的动作,这样的话结合体会有一个对应的加速度.

 

手柄是HTC Vive的重要交互手段,我们通过第一个图片应该对其有一个直观的了解了,总共是九个按钮:

• 第一个是菜单按钮;
• 2,3,4,5分别对应的是Trackpad/Touchpad的上下左右,有时候对应的是XBox手柄的▲OX囗四个按钮或者摇杆;
• 6对应的是系统按钮/Steam;
• 7是Trigger/扳机,对应大多数FPS游戏里面的枪械的Shoot/Fire;
• 8对应的Grip/紧握在手柄的左右两侧各有一个,有时候我们用它来翻页;
• 9其实是Trackpad/Touchpad在Z轴的一个延伸,相当于是点击事件Click.

接下来就可以直接上代码了!

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using UnityEngine; using System.Collections;   [RequireComponent( typeof (SteamVR_TrackedObject))] public class SteamVR_TestThrow : MonoBehaviour {          //预设,用于投掷的物体          public GameObject prefab;          //位于手柄上的刚体,也就是预设物体出现的地方          public Rigidbody attachPoint;            //追踪的设备,这里是我们的手柄          SteamVR_TrackedObject trackedObj;          //固定关节          FixedJoint joint;            void Awake()          {                  //获取追踪的设备,即手柄                  trackedObj = GetComponent<SteamVR_TrackedObject>();          }            void FixedUpdate()          {                  //获取手柄的输入,也就是用户的输入                  var device = SteamVR_Controller.Input(( int )trackedObj.index);                  //如果关节为空 且 用户按下扳机                  if (joint == null && device.GetTouchDown(SteamVR_Controller.ButtonMask.Trigger))                  {                          //把预设实例化并设置其位置在手柄上的指定位置,这个指定位置就是手柄上的那个圈圈                          var go = GameObject.Instantiate(prefab);                          go.transform.position = attachPoint.transform.position;                            //把关节组件添加到实例化的对象上,链接的位置就是这个刚体,添加这个组件的目的就是为了当你松开Trigger的时候分开手柄和预设物体                          //这个FixedJoint组件实际上就是一个关节,作用是链接两个物体                          joint = go.AddComponent<FixedJoint>();                          joint.connectedBody = attachPoint;                  }                  //又如果关节不为空 且 手柄上的扳机Trigger松开的时候                  else if (joint != null && device.GetTouchUp(SteamVR_Controller.ButtonMask.Trigger))                  {                          //获取关节上的游戏对象,获取其刚体                          var go = joint.gameObject;                          var rigidbody = go.GetComponent<Rigidbody>();                          //立即摧毁关节,并置为空                          Object.DestroyImmediate(joint);                          joint = null ;                          //15秒后摧毁该对象                          Object.Destroy(go, 15.0f);                            // We should probably apply the offset between trackedObj.transform.position                          // and device.transform.pos to insert into the physics sim at the correct                          // location, however, we would then want to predict ahead the visual representation                          // by the same amount we are predicting our render poses.                          //大概意思是:我们也许应该在正确的位置应用trackedObj.transform.position和device.transform.pos之间的偏移量到物理模拟中去                          //然而,如果那样的话我们就想要预测和渲染动作同样数量的视觉位置                            //原始位置有的话就是原始位置,没有的话取其父类                          var origin = trackedObj.origin ? trackedObj.origin : trackedObj.transform.parent;                          if (origin != null )                          {                                  //取其速度和角度                                  rigidbody.velocity = origin.TransformVector(device.velocity);                                  rigidbody.angularVelocity = origin.TransformVector(device.angularVelocity);                          }                          else                          {                                  rigidbody.velocity = device.velocity;                                  rigidbody.angularVelocity = device.angularVelocity;                          }                          //最大角速度                          rigidbody.maxAngularVelocity = rigidbody.angularVelocity.magnitude;                  }          } }

Ok,在下已经注释得非常清楚了,重点在于Trigger/扳机的交互:device.GetTouchDown(SteamVR_Controller.ButtonMask.Trigger)按下扳机时返回真和device.GetTouchUp(SteamVR_Controller.ButtonMask.Trigger)松开扳机时返回真.
更进一步,我们通过解析SteamVR_TrackedController来看看其他按钮事件:

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using UnityEngine; using Valve.VR;   //结构体,点击事件参数 public struct ClickedEventArgs { //控制器索引 public uint controllerIndex; //标记 public uint flags; //控制板上的坐标 public float padX, padY; }   //委托,点击事件句柄 public delegate void ClickedEventHandler( object sender, ClickedEventArgs e);   public class SteamVR_TrackedController : MonoBehaviour { //控制器索引 public uint controllerIndex; //控制器状态 public VRControllerState_t controllerState; //按下扳机与否 public bool triggerPressed = false ; //这个是正面最下方的按钮,对应Steam系统 public bool steamPressed = false ; //这个是最上方的菜单按钮 public bool menuPressed = false ; //这个pad控制板是中间的圆形触摸区域,功能比较多 public bool padPressed = false ; public bool padTouched = false ; //这个是负责判断是否握住了手柄 public bool gripped = false ;   //菜单点击事件句柄 public event ClickedEventHandler MenuButtonClicked; public event ClickedEventHandler MenuButtonUnclicked; //扳机扣动事件句柄 public event ClickedEventHandler TriggerClicked; public event ClickedEventHandler TriggerUnclicked; //Steam点击事件句柄 public event ClickedEventHandler SteamClicked; //触摸板点击事件句柄 public event ClickedEventHandler PadClicked; public event ClickedEventHandler PadUnclicked; //触摸板触摸事件句柄 public event ClickedEventHandler PadTouched; public event ClickedEventHandler PadUntouched; //抓取事件句柄 public event ClickedEventHandler Gripped; public event ClickedEventHandler Ungripped;   // Use this for initialization void Start() { //如果没有SteamVR_TrackedObject组件,则添加该组件 if ( this .GetComponent<SteamVR_TrackedObject>() == null ) { gameObject.AddComponent<SteamVR_TrackedObject>(); }   //索引赋值 this .GetComponent<SteamVR_TrackedObject>().index = (SteamVR_TrackedObject.EIndex)controllerIndex; //如果有SteamVR_RenderModel组件则对该组件索引进行赋值 if ( this .GetComponent<SteamVR_RenderModel>() != null ) { this .GetComponent<SteamVR_RenderModel>().index = (SteamVR_TrackedObject.EIndex)controllerIndex; } }   /// <summary> /// 引发扳机按下事件 /// </summary> /// <param name="e">E.</param> public virtual void OnTriggerClicked(ClickedEventArgs e) { if (TriggerClicked != null ) TriggerClicked( this , e); }   /// <summary> /// 引发扳机松开事件 /// </summary> /// <param name="e">E.</param> public virtual void OnTriggerUnclicked(ClickedEventArgs e) { if (TriggerUnclicked != null ) TriggerUnclicked( this , e); }   /// <summary> /// 引发菜单点击事件 /// </summary> /// <param name="e">E.</param> public virtual void OnMenuClicked(ClickedEventArgs e) { if (MenuButtonClicked != null ) MenuButtonClicked( this , e); }   /// <summary> /// 引发菜单松开事件 /// </summary> /// <param name="e">E.</param> public virtual void OnMenuUnclicked(ClickedEventArgs e) { if (MenuButtonUnclicked != null ) MenuButtonUnclicked( this , e); }   /// <summary> /// 引发系统按钮点击事件 /// </summary> /// <param name="e">E.</param> public virtual void OnSteamClicked(ClickedEventArgs e) { if (SteamClicked != null ) SteamClicked( this , e); }   /// <summary> /// 引发触摸板点击事件 /// </summary> /// <param name="e">E.</param> public virtual void OnPadClicked(ClickedEventArgs e) { if (PadClicked != null ) PadClicked( this , e); }   /// <summary> /// 引发触摸板未点击事件 /// </summary> /// <param name="e">E.</param> public virtual void OnPadUnclicked(ClickedEventArgs e) { if (PadUnclicked != null ) PadUnclicked( this , e); }   /// <summary> /// 引发触摸板触摸事件 /// </summary> /// <param name="e">E.</param> public virtual void OnPadTouched(ClickedEventArgs e) { if (PadTouched != null ) PadTouched( this , e); }   /// <summary> /// 引发触摸板没有触摸事件 /// </summary> /// <param name="e">E.</param> public virtual void OnPadUntouched(ClickedEventArgs e) { if (PadUntouched != null ) PadUntouched( this , e); }   /// <summary> /// 引发握紧事件 /// </summary> /// <param name="e">E.</param> public virtual void OnGripped(ClickedEventArgs e) { if (Gripped != null ) Gripped( this , e); }   /// <summary> /// 引发未握紧事件 /// </summary> /// <param name="e">E.</param> public virtual void OnUngripped(ClickedEventArgs e) { if (Ungripped != null ) Ungripped( this , e); }   // Update is called once per frame void Update() { //OpenVR是在GitHub上开源的,详情见之前发的资源帖,此处引用 var system = OpenVR.System; //系统不为空 且 成功获取手柄控制器状态 if (system != null && system.GetControllerState(controllerIndex, ref controllerState)) { //手柄状态中的无符号64位整数按钮按下 且 扳机按钮左移一个单位(此处要参考OpenVR) ulong trigger = controllerState.ulButtonPressed & (1UL << (( int )EVRButtonId.k_EButton_SteamVR_Trigger)); //针对扳机点击事件属性的一系列赋值 if (trigger > 0L && !triggerPressed) { triggerPressed = true ; ClickedEventArgs e; e.controllerIndex = controllerIndex; e.flags = ( uint )controllerState.ulButtonPressed; e.padX = controllerState.rAxis0.x; e.padY = controllerState.rAxis0.y; OnTriggerClicked(e);   } else if (trigger == 0L && triggerPressed) { triggerPressed = false ; ClickedEventArgs e; e.controllerIndex = controllerIndex; e.flags = ( uint )controllerState.ulButtonPressed; e.padX = controllerState.rAxis0.x; e.padY = controllerState.rAxis0.y; OnTriggerUnclicked(e); }   //同上,紧握赋值 ulong grip = controllerState.ulButtonPressed & (1UL << (( int )EVRButtonId.k_EButton_Grip)); //同上,针对紧握事件属性的一系列赋值 if (grip > 0L && !gripped) { gripped = true ; ClickedEventArgs e; e.controllerIndex = controllerIndex; e.flags = ( uint )controllerState.ulButtonPressed; e.padX = controllerState.rAxis0.x; e.padY = controllerState.rAxis0.y; OnGripped(e);   } else if (grip == 0L && gripped) { gripped = false ; ClickedEventArgs e; e.controllerIndex = controllerIndex; e.flags = ( uint )controllerState.ulButtonPressed; e.padX = controllerState.rAxis0.x; e.padY = controllerState.rAxis0.y; OnUngripped(e); }   //同上,触摸板按下事件赋值 ulong pad = controllerState.ulButtonPressed & (1UL << (( int )EVRButtonId.k_EButton_SteamVR_Touchpad)); if (pad > 0L && !padPressed) { padPressed = true ; ClickedEventArgs e; e.controllerIndex = controllerIndex; e.flags = ( uint )controllerState.ulButtonPressed; e.padX = controllerState.rAxis0.x; e.padY = controllerState.rAxis0.y; OnPadClicked(e); } else if (pad == 0L && padPressed) { padPressed = false ; ClickedEventArgs e; e.controllerIndex = controllerIndex; e.flags = ( uint )controllerState.ulButtonPressed; e.padX = controllerState.rAxis0.x; e.padY = controllerState.rAxis0.y; OnPadUnclicked(e); }   //同上,菜单赋值 ulong menu = controllerState.ulButtonPressed & (1UL << (( int )EVRButtonId.k_EButton_ApplicationMenu)); if (menu > 0L && !menuPressed) { menuPressed = true ; ClickedEventArgs e; e.controllerIndex = controllerIndex; e.flags = ( uint )controllerState.ulButtonPressed; e.padX = controllerState.rAxis0.x; e.padY = controllerState.rAxis0.y; OnMenuClicked(e); } else if (menu == 0L && menuPressed) { menuPressed = false ; ClickedEventArgs e; e.controllerIndex = controllerIndex; e.flags = ( uint )controllerState.ulButtonPressed; e.padX = controllerState.rAxis0.x; e.padY = controllerState.rAxis0.y; OnMenuUnclicked(e); }   //触摸板触摸事件赋值 pad = controllerState.ulButtonTouched & (1UL << (( int )EVRButtonId.k_EButton_SteamVR_Touchpad)); if (pad > 0L && !padTouched) { padTouched = true ; ClickedEventArgs e; e.controllerIndex = controllerIndex; e.flags = ( uint )controllerState.ulButtonPressed; e.padX = controllerState.rAxis0.x; e.padY = controllerState.rAxis0.y; OnPadTouched(e);   } else if (pad == 0L && padTouched) { padTouched = false ; ClickedEventArgs e; e.controllerIndex = controllerIndex; e.flags = ( uint )controllerState.ulButtonPressed; e.padX = controllerState.rAxis0.x; e.padY = controllerState.rAxis0.y; OnPadUntouched(e); } } } }

SteamVR_TrackedController是基于OpenVR来实现手柄交互的,虽然是开源的,可惜我的水平有限,希望有大神可以讲讲OpenVR,当然,我们理解OpenVR的话当然是最好,如果不知道也是可以实现交互的,我们只需要去调用就可以了.
我这里也没有解析清楚,大家作为涉猎即可,大概知道有这么回事儿,下一篇我们可以继续研究SteamVR_GazeTracker,SteamVR_LaserPointer,SteamVR_Teleporter,敬请期待!
BTW,如果你有HTC Vive的开源程序希望可以分享一个给我,用于研究学习,在此谢谢了先!
其实我最希望Valve能开源The Lab,或者哪位大神有源码!





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