Cash Machine（多重背包二进制转换）

个人心得：多重背包，自己根据转换方程写总是TLE，后面去网上看了二进制转换，不太理解；

后面仔细想了下，用自己的思想理解下把，就是将对应number，cash总和用二进制拆分，

然后全部装入到一个数组，这样子就可以减少循环，同时转变为01背包，这样子想把，

5 5，就变成了5，10，20，5然后用01背包互相取与不取也可以组成对应的k=1-5乘以5的值。

转换方式如下：

 while(number[i]-k>)
                 {
                     t[account++]=k*cash[i];
                     number[i]-=k;
                     k=k*;
                 }
                 t[account++]=number[i]*cash[i];

#include<iostream>
#include<cstdio>
#include<cmath>
#include<cstring>
#include<string>
#include<algorithm>
using namespace std;
int cash[],number[];
int dp[];
int t[];
int main(){
    int ti;
    while(cin>>ti){
        int n;
        cin>>n;
        int account=;
         for(int i=;i<=n;i++)
            {
                cin>>number[i]>>cash[i];
                int k=;
                if(number[i]==||cash[i]==)
                    continue;
                while(number[i]-k>)
                {
                    t[account++]=k*cash[i];
                    number[i]-=k;
                    k=k*;
                }
                t[account++]=number[i]*cash[i];
            }
            if(!n||!ti) {cout<<""<<endl;continue;}
        memset(dp,,sizeof(dp));
        for(int i=;i<account;i++)
        {
            for(int j=ti;j>=t[i];j--)
            {
            dp[j]=max(dp[j],dp[j-t[i]]+t[i]);
            }
        }
        cout<<dp[ti]<<endl;

    }
   return ;
}

Language:
Default

Cash Machine

Time Limit: 1000MS		Memory Limit: 10000K
Total Submissions: 36725		Accepted: 13316

Description

A Bank plans to install a machine for cash withdrawal. The machine is able to deliver appropriate @ bills for a requested cash amount. The machine uses exactly N distinct bill denominations, say Dk, k=1,N, and for each denomination Dk the machine has a supply of nk bills. For example,

N=3, n1=10, D1=100, n2=4, D2=50, n3=5, D3=10

means the machine has a supply of 10 bills of @100 each, 4 bills of @50 each, and 5 bills of @10 each.

Call cash the requested amount of cash the machine should deliver and write a program that computes the maximum amount of cash less than or equal to cash that can be effectively delivered according to the available bill supply of the machine.

Notes: 
@ is the symbol of the currency delivered by the machine. For instance, @ may stand for dollar, euro, pound etc. 

Input

The program input is from standard input. Each data set in the input stands for a particular transaction and has the format:

cash N n1 D1 n2 D2 ... nN DN

where 0 <= cash <= 100000 is the amount of cash requested, 0 <=N <= 10 is the number of bill denominations and 0 <= nk <= 1000 is the number of available bills for the Dk denomination, 1 <= Dk <= 1000, k=1,N. White spaces can occur freely between the numbers in the input. The input data are correct.

Output

For each set of data the program prints the result to the standard output on a separate line as shown in the examples below. 

Sample Input

735 3  4 125  6 5  3 350
633 4  500 30  6 100  1 5  0 1
735 0
0 3  10 100  10 50  10 10

Sample Output

735
630
0
0

Hint

The first data set designates a transaction where the amount of cash requested is @735. The machine contains 3 bill denominations: 4 bills of @125, 6 bills of @5, and 3 bills of @350. The machine can deliver the exact amount of requested cash.

In the second case the bill supply of the machine does not fit the exact amount of cash requested. The maximum cash that can be delivered is @630. Notice that there can be several possibilities to combine the bills in the machine for matching the delivered cash.

In the third case the machine is empty and no cash is delivered. In the fourth case the amount of cash requested is @0 and, therefore, the machine delivers no cash.