Linux系统管理-yum源配置

一、本地光盘yum源配置

1、创建挂载点

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /mnt/cdrom

2、配置自动挂载本地光盘

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/fstab

#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Sun Oct 20 16:02:54 2024
……省略部分内容……
sysfs                   /sys                    sysfs   defaults        0 0
proc                    /proc                   proc    defaults        0 0
#添加开机自动挂载系统光盘
/dev/cdrom              /mnt/cdrom              iso9660 defaults        0 0

3、配置yum源

#创建备份原有yum源文件的目录
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# mkdir bak
#移动原有yum源文件到bak目录
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# mv *.repo bak
#进入bak目录
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# cd bak
#复制光盘yum源文件到/etc/yum.repos.d目录
[root@localhost bak]# cp CentOS-Media.repo ..
#返回到/etc/yum.repos.d目录
[root@localhost bak]# cd ..
#打开光盘yum源文件
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# vim CentOS-Media.repo 

# CentOS-Media.repo
……省略部分内容……
#  yum --disablerepo=\* --enablerepo=c6-media [command]

[c6-media]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Media
baseurl=file:///mnt/cdrom/ #配置挂载点目录
#        file:///media/cdrom/
#        file:///media/cdrecorder/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=1 #开启。把默认值0修改为1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6

4、清理并生成缓存

[root@localhost ~]# yum clean all && yum makecache
已加载插件：fastestmirror, security
Cleaning repos: c6-media
清理一切
Cleaning up list of fastest mirrors
已加载插件：fastestmirror, security
Determining fastest mirrors
c6-media                                                                       | 4.0 kB     00:00 ...
c6-media/group_gz                                                              | 226 kB     00:00 ...
c6-media/filelists_db                                                          | 6.3 MB     00:00 ...
c6-media/primary_db                                                            | 4.7 MB     00:00 ...
c6-media/other_db                                                              | 2.8 MB     00:00 ...
元数据缓存已建立

5.查看yum源

[root@localhost ~]# yum repolist
已加载插件：fastestmirror, security
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
仓库标识                                    仓库名称                                             状态
c6-media                                    CentOS-6 - Media                                     6,696
repolist: 6,696

二、阿里云yum源配置

1、备份系统原有的源配置文件

#进入yum源文件存放目录
[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
#创建备份原yum源文件目录
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# mkdir bak
#移动原yum源文件到备份目录
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# mv *.repo bak

2、下载阿里云yum源配置文件

#CentOS6
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-vault-6.10.repo

#CentOS7
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo

#CentOS8
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-vault-8.5.2111.repo

使用CentOS6为例演示

#下载CentOS6的阿里云yum配置文件
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-vault-6.10.repo
--2024-10-18 22:51:10--  https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-vault-6.10.repo
正在解析主机 mirrors.aliyun.com... 39.174.58.234, 39.174.58.233, 39.174.58.231, ...
正在连接 mirrors.aliyun.com|39.174.58.234|:443... 已连接。
已发出 HTTP 请求，正在等待回应... 200 OK
长度：2533 (2.5K) [application/octet-stream]
正在保存至: “/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo”

100%[=====================================>] 2,533       --.-K/s   in 0s      

2024-10-18 22:51:11 (422 MB/s) - 已保存 “/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo” [2533/2533])
#查看是否下载完成
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# ll
总用量 8
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 10月 18 22:47 bak
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 2533 8月   4 2022 CentOS-Base.repo

3、清理缓存并生成新的缓存

#清理缓存并生成新的缓存
[root@localhost ~]# yum clean all && yum makecache
已加载插件：fastestmirror, security
Cleaning repos: base extras updates
清理一切
Cleaning up list of fastest mirrors
已加载插件：fastestmirror, security
Determining fastest mirrors
 * base: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
base                                                                           | 3.7 kB     00:00
base/group_gz                                                                  | 242 kB     00:00
base/filelists_db                                                              | 6.4 MB     00:02
base/primary_db                                                                | 4.7 MB     00:00
base/other_db                                                                  | 2.8 MB     00:00
extras                                                                         | 3.4 kB     00:00
extras/filelists_db                                                            |  24 kB     00:00
extras/prestodelta                                                             | 2.2 kB     00:00
extras/primary_db                                                              |  29 kB     00:00
extras/other_db                                                                |  14 kB     00:00
updates                                                                        | 3.4 kB     00:00
updates/filelists_db                                                           | 8.4 MB     00:01
updates/prestodelta                                                            | 357 kB     00:00
updates/primary_db                                                             |  12 MB     00:01
updates/other_db                                                               | 479 kB     00:00
元数据缓存已建立

4、查看yum源

#查看yum源
[root@localhost ~]# yum repolist
已加载插件：fastestmirror, security
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
仓库标识         仓库名称                                                 状态
base             CentOS-vault-6.10 - Base - mirrors.aliyun.com            6,713
extras           CentOS-vault-6.10 - Extras - mirrors.aliyun.com             47
updates          CentOS-vault-6.10 - Updates - mirrors.aliyun.com         1,193
repolist: 7,953