Windows之子系统WSL

[安装]

安装参考：https://learn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/windows/wsl/install-manual#step-4---download-the-linux-kernel-update-package

wsl分为两个版本: V1 和 V2

如果想要从V1升级到V2,则需要

1.开启虚拟化, 查看是否开启

任务管理器 > 性能 > CPU, 查看虚拟化

系统安装完成之后， 子系统是使用的ubuntu系统,首先都会进行软件包的更新操作

1.

sudo apt update

2.更换软件源,进行加速

1.备份官方镜像源
sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.backup

2.更换镜像源

/etc/apt/sources.list
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse

3.更新
apt update

镜像源:

阿里:
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse

中科大
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

网易
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ jammy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ jammy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse

使用x-shell连接子系统

https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_43647393/article/details/116013953

示例：

1.安装Java

1.查看是否已存在Java
java -version
Command 'java' not found, but can be installed with:

apt install default-jre
apt install openjdk-11-jre-headless
apt install openjdk-8-jre-headless
apt install openjdk-9-jre-headless

2.不存在则安装
apt install default-jre

2.安装Python3 + Python2

python3:
1.
sudo apt update

2.
apt install python3-pip

python2:
1.默认存储库不包含 Python2 的 pip。因此，要在您的系统上使用它，请启用“universe”存储库。
add-apt-repository universe

2.
apt install python2

3.下载Python2 pip脚本
curl https://bootstrap.pypa.io/pip/2.7/get-pip.py --output get-pip.py

4.安装
sudo python2 get-pip.py

3.安装Nginx

# nginx: apt install nginx
配置文件: /etc/nginx  (虚拟主机配置文件存储在/etc/nginx/sites-available目录。仅当链接到/etc/nginx/sites-enabled目录时，Nginx才会使用此目录中的配置文件), 一般直接将域名配置文件放到config.d目录下
日志目录:/var/log/nginx
默认项目目录:/var/www/html
参考: https://www.myfreax.com/how-to-install-nginx-on-ubuntu-22-04/

4.安装MySQL8

# mysql:
apt install mysql-server
/etc/init.d/mysql start/restart/status

服务配置文件:vim /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf

安装其他版本:

例如: 5.7

apt install mysql-server-5.7

5.安装PHP

# PHP
apt install php-fpm
/etc/init.d/php8.1-fpm  start/restart

扩展安装
apt install php8.1-mysql php8.1-gd  php8.1-zip  php8.1-xml

nginx与PHP配合使用:
server {
  server_name demo.com;
  root /var/www/demo/;
  index index.php index.html;

  access_log /var/log/nginx/demo.com.access.log;
  error_log /var/log/nginx/demo.com.error.log notice;

  location ~ \.php$ {
    include snippets/fastcgi-php.conf;
    fastcgi_pass unix:/run/php/php8.1-fpm.sock;
  }
}

注意:
在Windows的vhost文件中添加域名映射  127.0.0.1  demo.com

更多参考安装:
apt install -y php8.2-cli php8.2-dev  php8.2-pgsql php8.2-sqlite3 php8.2-gd  php8.2-curl  php8.2-imap \ 
php8.2-mysql php8.2-mbstring  php8.2-xml php8.2-zip php8.2-bcmath php8.2-soap   php8.2-intl php8.2-readline \ 
php8.2-ldap  php8.2-msgpack php8.2-igbinary php8.2-redis php8.2-swoole  php8.2-memcached php8.2-pcov \ 
php8.2-fpm php8.2-gmp php8.2-imagick php8.2-mcrypt php8.2-uuid php8.2-yaml

安装其他版本PHP,例如php7.4

add-apt-repository ppa:ondrej/php
apt update
apt install php7.4 php7.4-fpm php7.4-bcmath php7.4-curl php7.4-gd php7.4-json php7.4-mbstring php7.4-mysql php7.4-opcache php7.4-xml php7.4-zip php7.4-redis

php.7.2

apt install php7.2 php7.2-mysql php7.2-fpm php7.2-curl php7.2-xml php7.2-gd php7.2-mbstring php-memcached php7.2-zip

常见问题:

无法启动php-fpm, 查看/usr/sbin/php-fpm没有安装成功, 重新安装发现错误:

You are seeing this message because you have apache2 package installed.

解决: 原因是已经安装了apache2的包, 所以为了后面使用NGINX,即卸载apache2

apt-get purge apache2

apt autoremove

apt autoclean

然后重新安装php-fpm即可

6.安装composer

wget https://getcomposer.org/composer.phar

mv composer.phar composer

chmod +x composer

mv composer /usr/local/bin/

# 加速
composer config -g repo.packagist composer https://mirrors.aliyun.com/composer/

# 去除使用root执行命令的提示

vim /etc/environment
文字
export COMPOSER_ALLOW_SUPERUSER=1

source /etc/environment

7.安装Redis5

apt install redis

# 配置文件
/etc/redis/redis.conf

# 启动
/etc/init.d/redis-server start

下载内核更新包:

根据自己的系统选择：
x64：https://wslstorestorage.blob.core.windows.net/wslblob/wsl_update_x64.msi
arm64：https://wslstorestorage.blob.core.windows.net/wslblob/wsl_update_arm64.msi

8.安装docker

1)更新源

$ sudo vim /etc/apt/sources.list
# deb cdrom:[Ubuntu 16.04 LTS _Xenial Xerus_ - Release amd64 (20160420.1)]/ xenial main restricted
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial universe
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial multiverse
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-updates multiverse
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-security universe
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ xenial-security multiverse

2)卸载老版本

sudo apt-get remove docker docker-engine docker.io

3)安装

a.安装系统工具
$ sudo apt-get update
$ sudo apt-get -y install apt-transport-https ca-certificates curl software-properties-common

b.安装GPG证书
curl -fsSL http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo apt-key add -

c.写入软件源信息
$ sudo add-apt-repository "deb [arch=amd64] http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu $(lsb_release -cs) stable"

d.更新并安装Docker-CE
$ sudo apt-get -y update
$ sudo apt-get -y install docker-ce

# 安装指定版本
# Step 1: 查找Docker-CE的版本:
$ apt-cache madison docker-ce
  docker-ce | 17.03.1~ce-0~ubuntu-xenial | http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu xenial/stable amd64 Packages
  docker-ce | 17.03.0~ce-0~ubuntu-xenial | http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu xenial/stable amd64 Packages

# Step 2: 安装指定版本的Docker-CE: (VERSION 如上 17.03.1~ce-0~ubuntu-xenial)
$ sudo apt-get -y install docker-ce=[VERSION]

4)镜像加速

$ sudo mkdir -p /etc/docker
$ sudo tee /etc/docker/daemon.json <<-'EOF'
{
  "registry-mirrors": ["https://irnlfwui.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
}
EOF

$ sudo systemctl daemon-reload
$ sudo systemctl restart docker

5)验证

$ sudo docker --version
Docker version 17.12.1-ce, build 7390fc6

$ sudo docker version
Client:
 Version:   17.12.1-ce
 API version:   1.35
 Go version:    go1.9.4
 Git commit:    7390fc6
 Built: Tue Feb 27 22:17:40 2018
 OS/Arch:   linux/amd64
Server:
 Engine:
  Version:  17.12.1-ce
  API version:  1.35 (minimum version 1.12)
  Go version:   go1.9.4
  Git commit:   7390fc6
  Built:    Tue Feb 27 22:16:13 2018
  OS/Arch:  linux/amd64
  Experimental: false

$ sudo docker info
Containers: 3
 Running: 0
 Paused: 0
 Stopped: 3
Images: 6
...

注意点:

1.这里可能会启动发生错误, 显示systemctl无法使用, 只能使用service的命令方式

2.启动成功, 但是查看状态却是失败的, 查看日志 tail /var/log/docker.log

G: Module nf_nat not found in directory /lib/modules/4.4.0-19041-Microsoft`, error: exit status 1"
time="2023-07-13T14:11:42.815141600+08:00" level=warning msg="Running modprobe xt_conntrack failed with message: `modprobe: WARNING: Module xt_conntrack not found in directory /lib/modules/4.4.0-19041-Microsoft`, error: exit status 1"
Error starting daemon: Error initializing network controller: error obtaining controller instance: failed to create NAT chain DOCKER: iptables failed: iptables -t nat -N DOCKER: iptables v1.6.1: can't initialize iptables table `nat': Table does not exist (do you need to insmod?)
Perhaps iptables or your kernel needs to be upgraded.
 (exit status 3)

　　解决:

1.禁用iptables
dockerd --iptables=false

2.使用管理员身份打开Ubuntu. 重点!!!  重新执行启动docker服务即可

9, 安装nodejs

NodeSource提供的官方包)

curl -fsSL https://deb.nodesource.com/setup_18.x | sudo -E bash - &&\
sudo apt-get install -y nodejs

apt)

sudo apt update
sudo apt install nodejs
#不自带 npm 需要自行安装
sudo apt install npm
# 升级 npm
sudo npm install npm -g    

# 使用n进行版本管理
sudo npm install n -g
# 下载最新稳定版
sudo n stable
# 下载最新版
sudo n lastest
# 查看已下载的版本
sudo n ls
# 切换 Node 版本
sudo n 18.21.1

常用命令：

1.查看已经安装的分发版本
wsl  --list --all

2.查看正在运行的版本
wls --list --all

3.删除指定版本
wls --unregister <版本名称>

4.升级版本

wsl --set-version Ubuntu 2

　5.查看在线可使用版本

wsl --list --online

ubuntu中查看wsl版本:   cat /proc/sys/kernel/osrelease

5.10.16.3-microsoft-standard-WSL2   // 是wsl2版本

常见问题:

1. pkg was interrupted, you must manually run 'sudo dpkg --configure -a' to correct the problem”

apt-get install 报错

解决:

1.切换目录
cd /var/lib/dpkg/updates

2.删除目录下文件
rm -rf *

3.升级
 sudo apt-get upgrade

4.再更新
 sudo apt-get update

2. 在使用webpack-dev-server启动本地服务的时候, 由于项目是放到Windows下的, 但是在wls中运行vue项目(由于npm版本在Windows下安装依赖有问题), 导致无法修改之后热加载

解决:

1) 将项目放到非windows下, 也就是不要运行项目在/mnt/c|d|e磁盘上, 可以将项目放到Linux系统目录下, 例如:/usr/local/www/
这样再启动就不会有问题了

2)在运行npm run dev之前,设置环境变量
export CHOKIDAR_USEPOLLING=true
或者将这个命令放到.env文件中