题目

Two elements of a binary search tree (BST) are swapped by mistake.

Recover the tree without changing its structure.

Note:

A solution using O(n) space is pretty straight forward. Could you devise a constant space solution?

分析

给定一颗二叉排序树,它的两个节点被交换,要求在常数空间复杂度内把它恢复为原来的二叉排序树。

方法一:我们知道二叉排序树的中序遍历序列为递增的有序序列,首先,中序遍历该二叉树,存储元素序列,然后循环查找元素序列中逆序的两个节点元素,交换之,还原成二叉树即可。该方法需要O(n)的空间,n为节点个数,不满足要求。

查找资料,得到方法二:

递归中序遍历二叉树,设置一个pre指针,记录当前节点中序遍历时的前节点,如果当前节点大于pre节点的值,说明需要调整次序。

有一个技巧是如果遍历整个序列过程中只出现了一次次序错误,说明就是这两个相邻节点需要被交换。如果出现了两次次序错误,那就需要交换这两个节点。

AC代码

/**
* Definition for a binary tree node.
* struct TreeNode {
* int val;
* TreeNode *left;
* TreeNode *right;
* TreeNode(int x) : val(x), left(NULL), right(NULL) {}
* };
*/
class Solution {
public: //节点p,q为两个逆序节点 , pre为遍历当前root节点的前驱
TreeNode *p = NULL, *q = NULL, *pre = NULL; void recoverTree(TreeNode* root) {
if (!root)
return;
//中序遍历二叉树,查找需要逆序节点
InOrder(root); if (p && q)
{
int tmp = p->val;
p->val = q->val;
q->val = tmp;
}//if
} //中序遍历二叉树root,同时查找树中逆序节点p , q
void InOrder(TreeNode *root)
{
if (!root)
return;
if (root->left)
InOrder(root->left);
if (pre != NULL && pre->val > root->val)
{
if (!p)
p = pre; q = root;
}//if
pre = root;
if (root->right)
InOrder(root->right);
} };

GitHub测试程序源码

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