测开之路一百四十三：ORM框架之SQLAlchemy模型及表创建

基于前一篇内容，可以使用模型的结构

目录结构

main，入口层

from flask import Flask
from flask_sqlalchemy import SQLAlchemy

app = Flask(__name__)  # 初始化app

app.config['SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI'] = 'sqlite:///./db/test.db'  # 声明数据库类型和地址
app.config['SQLALCHEMY_TRACK_MODIFICATIONS'] = True  # 跟踪改变
app.config['SQLALCHEMY_ECHO'] = True  # 打印对应的sql，此操作用sql是怎么样的
db = SQLAlchemy(app)  # 创建数据库核心对象并把数据库和app关联起来

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run(
        debug=True
    )

models：建表模型

from datetime import datetime
from main import db

class Department(db.Model):
    """ 部门 """
    __tablename__ = 'department'
    # primary_key=True：主键, autoincrement=True：自动递增
    id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True, autoincrement=True)
    name = db.Column(db.String(50), unique=True)

    def __init__(self, name):
        self.name = name

    def __repr__(self):
        return f'部门{self.id}，{self.name}'

class Employee(db.Model):
    """ 员工 """
    __tablename__ = 'employee'
    # primary_key=True：主键, autoincrement=True：自动递增
    id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True, autoincrement=True)
    name = db.Column(db.String(50))
    gender = db.Column(db.String)
    job = db.Column(db.String)
    birthdate = db.Column(db.Date)
    idcard = db.Column(db.String)
    address = db.Column(db.String)
    salary = db.Column(db.Float)
    release_time = db.Column(db.DateTime)

    # 外键： db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey(表名))
    department_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey('department.id'))  # 声明是外键，为department表的id字段

    # db.relationship('Department', backref=db.backref('employee', lazy='dynamic'))
    # db.relationship(主键类名, backref=引用属性名, lazy='dynamic'))
    # lazy：延迟查询：dynamic：动态、select、subquery、joined
    department = db.relationship('Department', backref=db.backref('employee', lazy='dynamic'))  # 类与表的关系

    def __init__(self, name, gender, job, birthdate, idcard, address, salary, release_time=None):
        self.name = name
        self.gender = gender
        self.job = job
        self.birthdate = birthdate
        self.idcard = idcard
        self.address = address
        self.salary = salary
        self.release_time = release_time if release_time else datetime.now()

    def __repr__(self):
        return f'员工：{self.id} {self.name} {self.salary} {self.address}'

if __name__ == '__main__':
    db.create_all()

运行

数据库已创建