认证授权：IdentityServer4 - 各种授权模式应用

前言：

　前面介绍了IdentityServer4 的简单应用，本篇将继续讲解IdentityServer4 的各种授权模式使用示例

授权模式：

　环境准备

　a）调整项目结构如下：

　 

　b）调整cz.IdentityServer项目中Statup文件如下　

public class Startup
  {
        public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
        {
            services.AddControllersWithViews();

            services.Configure<CookiePolicyOptions>(options =>
            {
                options.MinimumSameSitePolicy = SameSiteMode.Strict;
            });

            services.AddIdentityServer()
              .AddDeveloperSigningCredential()
              //api资源
              .AddInMemoryApiResources(InMemoryConfig.GetApiResources())
              //4.0版本需要添加，不然调用时提示invalid_scope错误
              .AddInMemoryApiScopes(InMemoryConfig.GetApiScopes())
              .AddTestUsers(InMemoryConfig.Users().ToList())
              .AddInMemoryIdentityResources(InMemoryConfig.GetIdentityResourceResources())
              .AddInMemoryClients(InMemoryConfig.GetClients());
        }

        // This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to configure the HTTP request pipeline.
        public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IWebHostEnvironment env)
        {
            if (env.IsDevelopment())
            {
                app.UseDeveloperExceptionPage();
            }

            app.UseRouting();

            app.UseStaticFiles();
            app.UseCookiePolicy();
            app.UseIdentityServer();

            app.UseAuthentication();
            //使用默认UI，必须添加
            app.UseAuthorization();

            app.UseEndpoints(endpoints =>
            {
                endpoints.MapControllerRoute(name: "default", pattern: "{controller=Home}/{action=Index}/{id?}");
            });
　　}
}

　c）在cz.Api.Order项目中添加控制器：IdentityController

namespace cz.Api.Order.Controllers
{
    [Route("identity")]
    [ApiController]
    [Authorize]
    public class IdentityController : ControllerBase
    {
        [HttpGet]
        public IActionResult Get()
        {
            return new JsonResult(from c in User.Claims select new { c.Type, c.Value });
        }
    }
}

　1、客户端模式

　　a）在InMemoryConfig中GetClients方法中添加客户端：

new Client
{
    ClientId = "credentials_client", //访问客户端Id,必须唯一
    ClientName = "ClientCredentials Client",
    //使用客户端授权模式，客户端只需要clientid和secrets就可以访问对应的api资源。
    AllowedGrantTypes = GrantTypes.ClientCredentials,
    ClientSecrets =
        {
            new Secret("secret".Sha256())
        },
    AllowedScopes = {
        IdentityServerConstants.StandardScopes.OpenId,
        IdentityServerConstants.StandardScopes.Profile,
        "goods"
    },
},     

　　b）在cz.ConsoleClient项目中安装Nuget包：IdentityModel，在Program中添加如下方法：

/// <summary>
/// 客户端认证模式
/// </summary>
private static void ClientCredentials_Test()
{
    Console.WriteLine("ClientCredentials_Test------------------->");
    var client = new HttpClient();
    var disco = client.GetDiscoveryDocumentAsync("http://localhost:5600/").Result;
    if (disco.IsError)
    {
        Console.WriteLine(disco.Error);
        return;
    }
    //请求token
    var tokenResponse = client.RequestClientCredentialsTokenAsync(new ClientCredentialsTokenRequest
    {
        Address = disco.TokenEndpoint,
        ClientId = "credentials_client",
        ClientSecret = "secret",
        Scope = "goods"
    }).Result;

    if (tokenResponse.IsError)
    {
        Console.WriteLine(tokenResponse.Error);
        return;
    }

    Console.WriteLine(tokenResponse.Json);
    //调用认证api
    var apiClient = new HttpClient();
    apiClient.SetBearerToken(tokenResponse.AccessToken);

    var response = apiClient.GetAsync("http://localhost:5601/identity").Result;
    if (!response.IsSuccessStatusCode)
    {
        Console.WriteLine(response.StatusCode);
    }
    else
    {
        var content = response.Content.ReadAsStringAsync().Result;
        Console.WriteLine(content);
    }
}

　　运行该程序结果如下：

　　

　2、密码模式

　　a）在InMemoryConfig中GetClients方法中添加客户端：

new Client
{
    ClientId = "password_client",
    ClientName = "Password Client",
    ClientSecrets = new [] { new Secret("secret".Sha256()) },
    //这里使用的是通过用户名密码换取token的方式.
    AllowedGrantTypes = GrantTypes.ResourceOwnerPassword,
    AllowedScopes = {
        IdentityServerConstants.StandardScopes.OpenId,
        IdentityServerConstants.StandardScopes.Profile,
        "order","goods",
    }
},

　　b）cz.ConsoleClient项目，继续在Program中添加如下方法：

/// <summary>
/// 用户名密码模式
/// </summary>
public static void ResourceOwnerPassword_Test()
{
    Console.WriteLine("ResourceOwnerPassword_Test------------------->");
    // request token
    var client = new HttpClient();
    var disco = client.GetDiscoveryDocumentAsync("http://localhost:5600/").Result;
    var tokenResponse = client.RequestPasswordTokenAsync(new PasswordTokenRequest()
    {
        Address = disco.TokenEndpoint,
        ClientId = "password_client",
        ClientSecret = "secret",
        UserName = "cba",
        Password = "cba",
        Scope = "order goods",
    }).Result;

    if (tokenResponse.IsError)
    {
        Console.WriteLine(tokenResponse.Error);
        return;
    }
    Console.WriteLine(tokenResponse.Json);
    // call api
    var apiClient = new HttpClient();
    client.SetBearerToken(tokenResponse.AccessToken);
    var response = apiClient.GetAsync("http://localhost:5601/identity").Result;
    if (!response.IsSuccessStatusCode)
    {
        Console.WriteLine(response.StatusCode);
    }
    else
    {
        var content = response.Content.ReadAsStringAsync().Result;
        Console.WriteLine(content);
    }
}

　　运行该程序结果同上：　　

　3、简化模式

　　a）在InMemoryConfig中GetClients方法中添加客户端：

new Client
{
    ClientId = "implicit_client",
    ClientName = "Implicit Client",
    ClientSecrets = new [] { new Secret("secret".Sha256()) },
    AllowedGrantTypes = GrantTypes.Implicit,
    AllowedScopes = {
        "order","goods",
        IdentityServerConstants.StandardScopes.OpenId,
        IdentityServerConstants.StandardScopes.Profile
    },
    RedirectUris = { "http://localhost:5021/signin-oidc" },
    PostLogoutRedirectUris = { "http://localhost:5021" },
    //是否显示授权提示界面
    RequireConsent = true,
},

　　b）调整在cz.MVCClient中Statup文件中内容如下：

public class Startup
{
    public Startup(IConfiguration configuration)
    {
        Configuration = configuration;
    }

    public IConfiguration Configuration { get; }

    // This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to add services to the container.
    public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
    {
        services.Configure<CookiePolicyOptions>(options =>
        {
        　　// This lambda determines whether user consent for non-essential cookies is needed for a given request.
        　　options.CheckConsentNeeded = context => true;
            options.MinimumSameSitePolicy = SameSiteMode.Lax;
        });

        JwtSecurityTokenHandler.DefaultMapInboundClaims = false;

        services.AddControllersWithViews();

        services.AddAuthentication(options =>
        {
            options.DefaultScheme = "Cookies";
            options.DefaultChallengeScheme = "oidc";
        })
        .AddCookie("Cookies")
        .AddOpenIdConnect("oidc", options =>
        {
            options.RequireHttpsMetadata = false;
            options.Authority = "http://localhost:5600";
            options.ClientId = "implicit_client";
            options.ClientSecret = "secret";
        });
    }

    // This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to configure the HTTP request pipeline.
    public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IWebHostEnvironment env)
    {
        if (env.IsDevelopment())
        {
            app.UseDeveloperExceptionPage();
        }
        else
        {
            app.UseExceptionHandler("/Home/Error");
        }
        app.UseStaticFiles();
        app.UseCookiePolicy();

        app.UseRouting();

        app.UseAuthentication();
        app.UseAuthorization();

        app.UseEndpoints(endpoints =>
        {
            endpoints.MapControllerRoute(
                name: "default",
                pattern: "{controller=Home}/{action=Index}/{id?}");
        });
    }
}

　　c）在cz.MVCClient中添加Nuget包：IdentityServer4.AccessTokenValidation、Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authentication.OpenIdConnect；在HomeController中添加方法：

[Authorize]
public IActionResult Secure()
{
    ViewData["Message"] = "Secure page.";

    return View();
}
//注销
public IActionResult Logout()
{
    return SignOut("oidc", "Cookies");
}

　　d）界面调整：

　　　在_Layout.cshtml文件中添加导航按钮：Secure、Logout　　　

<li class="nav-item">
    <a class="nav-link text-dark" asp-area="" asp-controller="Home" asp-action="Secure">Secure</a>
</li>
@if (User.Identity.IsAuthenticated)
{
    <li class="nav-item">
        <a class="nav-link text-dark" asp-area="" asp-controller="Home" asp-action="Logout">Logout</a>
    </li>
}

　　　添加视图：Secure.cshtml文件：

@{
    ViewData["Title"] = "Secure";
}

<h2>@ViewData["Title"]</h2>

<h3>User claims</h3>

<dl>
    @foreach (var claim in User.Claims)
    {
        <dt>@claim.Type</dt>
        <dd>@claim.Value</dd>
    }
</dl>

　　e）运行结果如下：

　　

　　简化模式还支持在Js客户端中运行可以查看官方说明文档：https://identityserver4.readthedocs.io/en/latest/quickstarts/4_javascript_client.html

　4、授权码模式

　　a）在InMemoryConfig中GetClients方法中添加客户端：

new Client
{
    ClientId = "code_client",
    ClientName = "Code Client",
    ClientSecrets = new [] { new Secret("secret".Sha256()) },
    AllowedGrantTypes = GrantTypes.Code,
    RedirectUris = { "http://localhost:5021/signin-oidc" },
    PostLogoutRedirectUris = { "http://localhost:5021/signout-callback-oidc" },
 　　//是否显示授权提示界面
    RequireConsent= true,
    AllowedScopes = {
        "order","goods",
        IdentityServerConstants.StandardScopes.OpenId,
        IdentityServerConstants.StandardScopes.Profile
    }
},

　　b）调整在cz.MVCClient中Statup文件中ConfigureServices方法内容如下：

// This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to add services to the container.
    public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
    {

        services.Configure<CookiePolicyOptions>(options =>
        {
            // This lambda determines whether user consent for non-essential cookies is needed for a given request.
            options.CheckConsentNeeded = context => true;
            options.MinimumSameSitePolicy = SameSiteMode.Lax;
        });

        JwtSecurityTokenHandler.DefaultMapInboundClaims = false;

        services.AddControllersWithViews();

        services.AddAuthentication(options =>
        {
            options.DefaultScheme = "Cookies";
            options.DefaultChallengeScheme = "oidc";
        })
        .AddCookie("Cookies")
        .AddOpenIdConnect("oidc", options =>
        {
            options.RequireHttpsMetadata = false;
            options.Authority = "http://localhost:5600";
            options.ClientId = "code_client";
            options.ClientSecret = "secret";
            options.ResponseType = "code";
            options.SaveTokens = true;
            options.Scope.Add("order");
            options.Scope.Add("goods");
            options.GetClaimsFromUserInfoEndpoint = true;
        });
    }

　　c）运行结果如下：同简化模式运行效果相同

　5、混合模式（Hybrid）

a）在InMemoryConfig中GetClients方法中添加客户端：

new Client
{
    ClientId = "hybrid_client",
    ClientName = "Hybrid Client",
    ClientSecrets = new [] { new Secret("secret".Sha256()) },
    AllowedGrantTypes = GrantTypes.Hybrid,
    //是否显示授权提示界面
    RequireConsent = true,
    AllowedScopes = {
        "order","goods",
        IdentityServerConstants.StandardScopes.OpenId,
        IdentityServerConstants.StandardScopes.Profile
    }
}

　　b）调整在cz.MVCClient中Statup文件中ConfigureServices方法内容如下：

public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{

    services.Configure<CookiePolicyOptions>(options =>
    {
        // This lambda determines whether user consent for non-essential cookies is needed for a given request.
        options.CheckConsentNeeded = context => true;
        options.MinimumSameSitePolicy = SameSiteMode.Lax;
    });

    JwtSecurityTokenHandler.DefaultMapInboundClaims = false;

    services.AddControllersWithViews();

    services.AddAuthentication(options =>
    {
        options.DefaultScheme = "Cookies";
        options.DefaultChallengeScheme = "oidc";
    })
    .AddCookie("Cookies")
    .AddOpenIdConnect("oidc", options =>
    {
        options.RequireHttpsMetadata = false;
        options.Authority = "http://localhost:5600";
        options.ClientId = "hybrid_client";
        options.ClientSecret = "secret";
        options.ResponseType = "code token id_token";
        options.SaveTokens = true;
        options.ResponseMode = "fragment";
        options.GetClaimsFromUserInfoEndpoint = true;
        options.Scope.Add("order");
        options.Scope.Add("goods");
    });
}

总结：

　应用场景总结

• 客户端模式（Client Credentials）：和用户无关，应用于应用程序与 API 资源之间的交互场景。
• 密码模式：和用户有关，常用于第三方登录。
• 简化模式：可用于前端或无线端。
• 混合模式：推荐使用，包含 OpenID 认证服务和 OAuth 授权，针对的是后端服务调用。

　过程中遇到的坑：

• Postman调用时总是提示：invalid_scope异常；

　　　解决：在添加IdentityServer服务时：调用AddInMemoryApiScopes方法注册Scope

• MVC项目登录成功后跳转时，找不到http://localhost:5020/signin-oidc路径：

　　　解决：在Statup文件中添加services.Configure<CookiePolicyOptions>(options =>{options.CheckConsentNeeded = context => true;options.MinimumSameSitePolicy = SameSiteMode.Lax; });

• 登录时授权界面展示展示：

　　　解决：客户端注册时，指定属性RequireConsent= true

Git地址：https://github.com/cwsheng/IdentityServer.Demo.git