WPF范围选择控件（RangeSelector）
版权声明：本文为博主原创文章，转载请注明作者和出处 https://blog.csdn.net/ZZZWWWPPP11199988899/article/details/78084886
在某些应用场景中，我们需要做可视化的范围选择。例如，在进行录像剪辑的时候，我们希望在播放时间轴上通过拖动两个可移动的控件来确定两控件之间的时间轴为我们希望进行录像剪辑的时间范围。WPF中并没有这样的预定义控件，所以如果需要有这样的应用场景，则需要自定义这样的控件。本文便是简述定制这样一个控件的基本的思路。
一 基本结构
先来看一下这样一个控件的基本结构，如上图所示，总体可分为4个部分，1是整个可选择的范围，2是选中的范围，3是左右两个选择器，可在选择范围轴上移动，4是选择信息显示按钮。
从控件构成来说，1、2都可以用Path来实现，3的上下两个部分也可以用Path实现，4则是一个TextBlock（之所以不选择Label，是希望能用到TextBlock的TextTrimming属性）。
二 代码结构
为了便于复用，我将此控件单独封装成了一个库（如有需要，也可以很方便的与其他自定义空间库合并），总体上代码的结构非常简单：一个RangeSelector类的cs代码文件RangeSelector.cs，用于控件的逻辑控制；一个控件默认模板的xaml代码文件RangeSelector.xaml;另外还有三个用于控件辅助控制的数据转换类（Converter）。
三 默认模板
RangeSelector.xaml定义了控件的默认外观，根据（一）里的基本结构，控件必须要包含以下几个命名部分：
PART_Range：为Path控件，用于展示总的选择范围。
PART_Canvas：为Canvas控件，用于承载其他绘制控件的容器，之所以选择Canvas，因为他可以通过SetLeft和SetTop方法方便的设置控件的绝对位置，为选择器的移动提供了方便。
PART_SelectedRange：为Path控件，选中的范围。
PART_RangeSelector1/PART_RangeSelector2：范围选择器，本文用两个Path组合的Grid来实现。
PART_LowerMessageTextBlock/PART_UpperMessageTextBlock：为TextBlock控件，用于显示选择的范围信息。
具体代码如下：
<ResourceDictionary
xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
xmlns:local="clr-namespace:RangeSelectors"
xmlns:cvt="clr-namespace:RangeSelectors.Converter">
<cvt:DoubleToGridLengthConverter x:Key="doubleToGridLengthConverter"/>
<cvt:RangePathMarginConverter x:Key="rangePathMarginConverter"/>
<cvt:SelectorUpShapeConverter x:Key="selectorUpShapeConverter"/>
<cvt:SelectorDownShapeConverter x:Key="selectorDownShapeConverter"/>
<Style TargetType="{x:Type local:RangeSelector}">
<Setter Property="Template">
<Setter.Value>
<ControlTemplate TargetType="{x:Type local:RangeSelector}">
<Border Background="{TemplateBinding Background}"
BorderBrush="{TemplateBinding BorderBrush}"
BorderThickness="{TemplateBinding BorderThickness}">
<Grid>
<Grid.RowDefinitions>
<RowDefinition/>
<RowDefinition Height="auto"/>
<RowDefinition/>
</Grid.RowDefinitions>
<Path x:Name="PART_Range" Grid.Row="1" Panel.ZIndex="0"
Fill="{TemplateBinding RangeColor}"
HorizontalAlignment="Stretch"
VerticalAlignment="Stretch"
Stretch="Fill">
<Path.Margin>
<MultiBinding Converter="{StaticResource rangePathMarginConverter}">
<Binding Path="SelectorWidth" RelativeSource="{RelativeSource Mode=FindAncestor, AncestorType={x:Type local:RangeSelector}}"/>
<Binding Path="SelectorHeight" RelativeSource="{RelativeSource Mode=FindAncestor, AncestorType={x:Type local:RangeSelector}}"/>
</MultiBinding>
</Path.Margin>
</Path>
<Canvas x:Name="PART_Canvas" Grid.Row="1" HorizontalAlignment="Stretch" VerticalAlignment="Top">
<Path x:Name="PART_SelectedRange" Grid.Row="1" Panel.ZIndex="1"
Fill="{TemplateBinding SelectedRangeColor}"
HorizontalAlignment="Stretch"
VerticalAlignment="Stretch"
Stretch="Fill">
<Path.Margin>
<MultiBinding Converter="{StaticResource rangePathMarginConverter}">
<Binding Path="SelectorWidth" RelativeSource="{RelativeSource Mode=FindAncestor, AncestorType={x:Type local:RangeSelector}}"/>
<Binding Path="SelectorHeight" RelativeSource="{RelativeSource Mode=FindAncestor, AncestorType={x:Type local:RangeSelector}}"/>
</MultiBinding>
</Path.Margin>
</Path>
<Grid x:Name="PART_RangeSelector1" Panel.ZIndex="0"
Canvas.Left="0" Canvas.Top="0" Background="Transparent">
<Grid.RowDefinitions>
<RowDefinition/>
<RowDefinition Height="{TemplateBinding RangeBarHeight, Converter={StaticResource doubleToGridLengthConverter}}"/>
<RowDefinition/>
</Grid.RowDefinitions>
<Path x:Name="pathSelectorUp1" Grid.Row="0"
Fill="{TemplateBinding SelectorColor}"
HorizontalAlignment="Center"
VerticalAlignment="Bottom">
<Path.Data>
<MultiBinding Converter="{StaticResource selectorUpShapeConverter}">
<Binding Path="SelectorWidth" RelativeSource="{RelativeSource Mode=FindAncestor, AncestorType={x:Type local:RangeSelector}}"/>
<Binding Path="SelectorHeight" RelativeSource="{RelativeSource Mode=FindAncestor, AncestorType={x:Type local:RangeSelector}}"/>
</MultiBinding>
</Path.Data>
</Path>
<Path x:Name="pathSelectorDown1" Grid.Row="2"
Fill="{TemplateBinding SelectorColor}"
HorizontalAlignment="Center"
VerticalAlignment="Top">
<Path.Data>
<MultiBinding Converter="{StaticResource selectorDownShapeConverter}">
<Binding Path="SelectorWidth" RelativeSource="{RelativeSource Mode=FindAncestor, AncestorType={x:Type local:RangeSelector}}"/>
<Binding Path="SelectorHeight" RelativeSource="{RelativeSource Mode=FindAncestor, AncestorType={x:Type local:RangeSelector}}"/>
</MultiBinding>
</Path.Data>
</Path>
</Grid>
<Grid x:Name="PART_RangeSelector2" Panel.ZIndex="0"
Canvas.Left="0" Canvas.Top="0" Background="Transparent"
Width="{TemplateBinding SelectorWidth, Converter={StaticResource doubleToGridLengthConverter}}">
<Grid.RowDefinitions>
<RowDefinition/>
<RowDefinition Height="{TemplateBinding RangeBarHeight, Converter={StaticResource doubleToGridLengthConverter}}"/>
<RowDefinition/>
</Grid.RowDefinitions>
<Path x:Name="pathSelectorUp2" Grid.Row="0"
Fill="{TemplateBinding SelectorColor}"
HorizontalAlignment="Center"
VerticalAlignment="Bottom">
<Path.Data>
<MultiBinding Converter="{StaticResource selectorUpShapeConverter}">
<Binding Path="SelectorWidth" RelativeSource="{RelativeSource Mode=FindAncestor, AncestorType={x:Type local:RangeSelector}}"/>
<Binding Path="SelectorHeight" RelativeSource="{RelativeSource Mode=FindAncestor, AncestorType={x:Type local:RangeSelector}}"/>
</MultiBinding>
</Path.Data>
</Path>
<Path x:Name="pathSelectorDown2" Grid.Row="2"
Fill="{TemplateBinding SelectorColor}"
HorizontalAlignment="Center"
VerticalAlignment="Top">
<Path.Data>
<MultiBinding Converter="{StaticResource selectorDownShapeConverter}">
<Binding Path="SelectorWidth" RelativeSource="{RelativeSource Mode=FindAncestor, AncestorType={x:Type local:RangeSelector}}"/>
<Binding Path="SelectorHeight" RelativeSource="{RelativeSource Mode=FindAncestor, AncestorType={x:Type local:RangeSelector}}"/>
</MultiBinding>
</Path.Data>
</Path>
</Grid>
<TextBlock x:Name="PART_LowerMessageTextBlock" TextTrimming="CharacterEllipsis"
HorizontalAlignment="Center" VerticalAlignment="Center"
Foreground="{TemplateBinding MessageForeground}"
MaxWidth="{TemplateBinding MessageWidth}" Panel.ZIndex="2"/>
<TextBlock x:Name="PART_UpperMessageTextBlock" TextTrimming="CharacterEllipsis"
HorizontalAlignment="Center" VerticalAlignment="Center"
Foreground="{TemplateBinding MessageForeground}"
MaxWidth="{TemplateBinding MessageWidth}" Panel.ZIndex="2"/>
</Canvas>
</Grid>
</Border>
</ControlTemplate>
</Setter.Value>
</Setter>
</Style>
</ResourceDictionary>
四 逻辑控制
1 控件的定义与查找
在类的定义中，我们定义了需要操作所有控件，并在复写OnApplyTemplate方法的时候通过GetTemplateChild方法从模板中找到对应的控件，完成控件的初始化与事件方法注册。如下：
private Canvas _canvas = null;
private FrameworkElement _rangeElement = null;
private FrameworkElement _rangeSelector1 = null;
private FrameworkElement _rangeSelector2 = null;
private FrameworkElement _selectedRangeElement = null;
private TextBlock _ttbLowerMessage = null;
private TextBlock _ttbUpperMessage = null;public override void OnApplyTemplate()
{
base.OnApplyTemplate(); _canvas = GetTemplateChild("PART_Canvas") as Canvas; _rangeElement = GetTemplateChild("PART_Range") as FrameworkElement;
if (_rangeElement != null)
{
_rangeElement.SizeChanged += Control_SizeChanged;
string pathString = string.Format("M{0},0 {1},0 {2},{3} {4},{5}z", 0, 100, 100, RangeBarHeight, 0, RangeBarHeight);
GeometryConverter gc = new GeometryConverter();
(_rangeElement as Path).Data = (Geometry)gc.ConvertFromString(pathString);
} _selectedRangeElement = GetTemplateChild("PART_SelectedRange") as FrameworkElement; _rangeSelector1 = GetTemplateChild("PART_RangeSelector1") as FrameworkElement;
if (_rangeSelector1 != null)
{
_rangeSelector1.SizeChanged += Control_SizeChanged;
_rangeSelector1.MouseLeftButtonDown += Selector_MouseLeftButtonDown;
_rangeSelector1.MouseMove += Selector_MouseMove;
_rangeSelector1.MouseLeftButtonUp += Selector_MouseLeftButtonUp;
} _rangeSelector2 = GetTemplateChild("PART_RangeSelector2") as FrameworkElement;
if (_rangeSelector2 != null)
{
_rangeSelector2.MouseLeftButtonDown += Selector_MouseLeftButtonDown;
_rangeSelector2.MouseMove += Selector_MouseMove;
_rangeSelector2.MouseLeftButtonUp += Selector_MouseLeftButtonUp;
} _ttbUpperMessage = GetTemplateChild("PART_LowerMessageTextBlock") as TextBlock;
if(_ttbUpperMessage != null)
{
Canvas.SetTop(_ttbUpperMessage, SelectorHeight);
} _ttbLowerMessage = GetTemplateChild("PART_UpperMessageTextBlock") as TextBlock;
if(_ttbLowerMessage != null)
{
Canvas.SetTop(_ttbLowerMessage, SelectorHeight);
} InitData();
}
2 定义依赖属性和属性包装器
这些依赖属性主要用于与选择器的选择信息（上下界）和展示信息（控件各部分画刷）相关的数据绑定。
#region Dependency Properties
public static readonly DependencyProperty UpperBoundaryValueProperty
= DependencyProperty.Register("UpperBoundaryValue", typeof(double), typeof(RangeSelector), new PropertyMetadata(0.0, OnUpBoundaryPropertyChanged));
public static readonly DependencyProperty LowerBoundaryValueProperty
= DependencyProperty.Register("LowerBoundaryValue", typeof(double), typeof(RangeSelector), new PropertyMetadata(0.0, OnLowBoundaryPropertyChanged));
public static readonly DependencyProperty RangeColorProperty
= DependencyProperty.Register("RangeColor", typeof(Brush), typeof(RangeSelector), new PropertyMetadata(new SolidColorBrush(Colors.Transparent), null));
public static readonly DependencyProperty SelectedRangeColorProperty
= DependencyProperty.Register("SelectedRangeColor", typeof(Brush), typeof(RangeSelector), new PropertyMetadata(new SolidColorBrush(Colors.White), null));
public static readonly DependencyProperty SelectorColorProperty
= DependencyProperty.Register("SelectorColor", typeof(Brush), typeof(RangeSelector), new PropertyMetadata(new SolidColorBrush(Colors.Blue), null));
public static readonly DependencyProperty MessageForegroundProperty
= DependencyProperty.Register("MessageForeground", typeof(Brush), typeof(RangeSelector), new PropertyMetadata(new SolidColorBrush(Colors.Black), null));
public static readonly DependencyProperty MessageWidthProperty
= DependencyProperty.Register("MessageWidth", typeof(double), typeof(RangeSelector), new PropertyMetadata(100.0, null));
public static readonly DependencyProperty RangeBarHeightProperty
= DependencyProperty.Register("RangeBarHeight", typeof(double), typeof(RangeSelector), new PropertyMetadata(15.0, null));
public static readonly DependencyProperty SelectorWidthProperty
= DependencyProperty.Register("SelectorWidth", typeof(double), typeof(RangeSelector), new PropertyMetadata(14.0, null));
public static readonly DependencyProperty SelectorHeightProperty
= DependencyProperty.Register("SelectorHeight", typeof(double), typeof(RangeSelector), new PropertyMetadata(25.0, null));
#endregion
#region Wrappers
public double UpperBoundaryValue
{
get { return (double)GetValue(UpperBoundaryValueProperty); }
set { SetValue(UpperBoundaryValueProperty, value); }
}
public double LowerBoundaryValue
{
get { return (double)GetValue(LowerBoundaryValueProperty); }
set { SetValue(LowerBoundaryValueProperty, value); }
}
public Brush RangeColor
{
get { return (Brush)GetValue(RangeColorProperty); }
set { SetValue(RangeColorProperty, value); }
}
public Brush SelectedRangeColor
{
get { return (Brush)GetValue(SelectedRangeColorProperty); }
set { SetValue(SelectedRangeColorProperty, value); }
}
public Brush SelectorColor
{
get { return (Brush)GetValue(SelectorColorProperty); }
set { SetValue(SelectorColorProperty, value); }
}
public Brush MessageForeground
{
get { return (Brush)GetValue(MessageForegroundProperty); }
set { SetValue(MessageForegroundProperty, value); }
}
public double MessageWidth
{
get { return (double)GetValue(MessageWidthProperty); }
set { SetValue(MessageWidthProperty, value); }
}
public double RangeBarHeight
{
get { return (double)GetValue(RangeBarHeightProperty); }
set { SetValue(RangeBarHeightProperty, value); }
}
public double SelectorWidth
{
get { return (double)GetValue(SelectorWidthProperty); }
set { SetValue(SelectorWidthProperty, value); }
}
public double SelectorHeight
{
get { return (double)GetValue(SelectorHeightProperty); }
set { SetValue(SelectorHeightProperty, value); }
}
3 定义鼠标拖动事件方法
在鼠标拖动的过程中，除了要对选择器控件进行移动外，还要实时更新选择的范围数据以及选择的展示信息。具体的在UpdateSelectedRange方法以及UpdateShownMessage方法中执行。
/// <summary>
/// 鼠标按下
/// </summary>
/// <param name="sender"></param>
/// <param name="e"></param>
private void Selector_MouseLeftButtonDown(object sender, MouseButtonEventArgs e)
{
if (_canvas == null)
{
return;
}
FrameworkElement element = sender as FrameworkElement;
if (element == null)
{
return;
}
//创建鼠标捕获
Mouse.Capture(element);
_enableMove = true;
_spanLeft = e.GetPosition(_canvas).X - Canvas.GetLeft(element);
}
/// <summary>
/// 鼠标移动
/// </summary>
/// <param name="sender"></param>
/// <param name="e"></param>
private void Selector_MouseMove(object sender, MouseEventArgs e)
{
if (_canvas == null)
{
return;
}
FrameworkElement element = sender as FrameworkElement;
if (element == null)
{
return;
}
if (_enableMove)
{
double cLeft = e.GetPosition(_canvas).X - _spanLeft;
if (double.IsNaN(cLeft))
{
cLeft = 0;
}
//边界限制
if (cLeft > _upperBound)
{
cLeft = _upperBound;
}
else if (cLeft < _lowerBound)
{
cLeft = _lowerBound;
}
//设置元素的位置
Canvas.SetLeft(element, cLeft);
//更新选择图像
UpdateSelectedRange();
//更新提示信息
UpdateShownMessage();
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 鼠标松开
/// </summary>
/// <param name="sender"></param>
/// <param name="e"></param>
private void Selector_MouseLeftButtonUp(object sender, MouseButtonEventArgs e)
{
FrameworkElement element = sender as FrameworkElement;
if (element == null)
{
return;
}
//释放鼠标捕获
element.ReleaseMouseCapture();
_enableMove = false;
_spanLeft = 0;
}
/// <summary>
/// 更新选择范围
/// </summary>
private void UpdateSelectedRange()
{
if (_selectedRangeElement == null || _range == 0)
{
return;
}
GetUpperLowerSelector(out FrameworkElement lowerSelector, out FrameworkElement upperSelector);
if (lowerSelector == null || upperSelector == null)
{
return;
}
double lower = Canvas.GetLeft(lowerSelector);
double upper = Canvas.GetLeft(upperSelector);
if (double.IsNaN(lower) || double.IsNaN(upper))
{
return;
}
string pathString = string.Format("M{0},0 {1},0 {2},{3} {4},{5}z", lower, upper, upper, RangeBarHeight, lower, RangeBarHeight);
GeometryConverter gc = new GeometryConverter();
(_selectedRangeElement as Path).Data = (Geometry)gc.ConvertFromString(pathString);
Canvas.SetLeft(_selectedRangeElement, lower);
UpperBoundaryValue = upper / _range;
LowerBoundaryValue = lower / _range;
if (_ttbLowerMessage != null)
{
Canvas.SetLeft(_ttbLowerMessage, lower - SelectorWidth / 2 - _ttbLowerMessage.ActualWidth);
}
if (_ttbUpperMessage != null)
{
Canvas.SetLeft(_ttbUpperMessage, upper + SelectorWidth * 3 / 2);
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 更新选择器的显示信息
/// </summary>
private void UpdateShownMessage()
{
if (ConvertRangeToMessage == null || _range == 0
|| _ttbUpperMessage == null || _ttbLowerMessage == null)
{
return;
}
GetUpperLowerSelector(out FrameworkElement lowerSelector, out FrameworkElement upperSelector);
if (lowerSelector == null || upperSelector == null)
{
return;
}
double lowerSelectorCanvasLeft = Canvas.GetLeft(lowerSelector);
double upperSelectorCanvasLeft = Canvas.GetLeft(upperSelector);
if (double.IsNaN(lowerSelectorCanvasLeft) || double.IsNaN(upperSelectorCanvasLeft))
{
return;
}
double upperValue = upperSelectorCanvasLeft / _range;
double lowerValue = lowerSelectorCanvasLeft / _range;
string upperMessage = ConvertRangeToMessage(upperValue);
string lowerMessage = ConvertRangeToMessage(lowerValue);
_ttbUpperMessage.Text = upperMessage;
_ttbUpperMessage.ToolTip = upperMessage;
_ttbLowerMessage.Text = lowerMessage;
_ttbLowerMessage.ToolTip = lowerMessage;
}另外，在鼠标拖动选择器的过程中，并不限制某个选择器会在左边还是右边，因此会用下面的方法实时的分辨左右选择器。
/// <summary>
/// 判断两个选择器中哪一个是上界选择器，哪一个是下界选择器
/// </summary>
/// <param name="lowerSelector"></param>
/// <param name="upperSelector"></param>
private void GetUpperLowerSelector(out FrameworkElement lowerSelector, out FrameworkElement upperSelector)
{
if (_rangeSelector1 == null || _rangeSelector2 == null)
{
lowerSelector = null;
upperSelector = null;
return;
}
if (Canvas.GetLeft(_rangeSelector1) < Canvas.GetLeft(_rangeSelector2))
{
lowerSelector = _rangeSelector1;
upperSelector = _rangeSelector2;
}
else
{
lowerSelector = _rangeSelector2;
upperSelector = _rangeSelector1;
}
}4 选择信息的计算与展示
在移动选择器的过程中，控件会根据上下界选择器在整个选择范围的位置计算其归一化的值，并赋值给依赖属性，以便将此选择范围暴露给使用者。但是，显示选择信息的时候，我们可以从外界传递一个委托方法，将选择器的范围值转化成格式化的字符串。以便在TextBlock上显示。
五 控件的应用
在使用控件的地方，为控件绑定好相关的属性就能获取到控件选择范围的上下界了。同时，因为控件内部的一些颜色属性通过依赖属性暴露了出来，所以可以在使用的地方灵活的更改控件各部分的颜色，以便得到想要的效果。
<Window x:Class="Test.MainWindow"
xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
xmlns:local="clr-namespace:Test"
xmlns:rs="clr-namespace:RangeSelectors;assembly=RangeSelectors"
mc:Ignorable="d"
Title="MainWindow" Height="350" Width="525" Background="#ffffff">
<Grid>
<Grid.RowDefinitions>
<RowDefinition Height="3*"/>
<RowDefinition/>
</Grid.RowDefinitions>
<rs:RangeSelector x:Name="rsTest" Margin="20"
Background="Transparent"
SelectedRangeColor="#ff0000"
MessageForeground ="#ffffff"
BorderBrush="Red"
BorderThickness="0.5"
RangeBarHeight="15"
SelectorHeight="25"
SelectorWidth="12" RenderTransformOrigin="0.5,0.5">
<rs:RangeSelector.RangeColor>
<LinearGradientBrush StartPoint="0,0" EndPoint="1,1">
<GradientStop Color="#ffffff" Offset="0.0" />
<GradientStop Color="#00ff00" Offset="0.8" />
<GradientStop Color="#009900" Offset="1" />
</LinearGradientBrush>
</rs:RangeSelector.RangeColor>
</rs:RangeSelector>
<StackPanel Orientation="Horizontal" Grid.Row="1">
<TextBox Text="{Binding LowerBoundaryValue, ElementName=rsTest, Mode=TwoWay,UpdateSourceTrigger=PropertyChanged}" Foreground="Black" Margin="20"/>
<TextBox Text="{Binding UpperBoundaryValue, ElementName=rsTest, Mode=TwoWay,UpdateSourceTrigger=PropertyChanged}" Foreground="Black" Margin="20"/>
</StackPanel>
</Grid>
</Window>
public partial class MainWindow : Window
{
public MainWindow()
{
InitializeComponent();
rsTest.ConvertRangeToMessage = new Func<double, string>((d) =>
{
DateTime recordStartTime = DateTime.Now;
DateTime recordEndTime = DateTime.Now.AddDays(1);
double recordLengthInSecond = (recordEndTime - recordStartTime).TotalSeconds;
DateTime selectedTime = recordStartTime.AddSeconds(recordLengthInSecond * d);
return selectedTime.ToString("HH:mm:ss");
});
}
}效果图：
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