《GPU高性能编程CUDA实战》第七章纹理内存

▶ 本章介绍了纹理内存的使用，并给出了热传导的两个个例子。分别使用了一维和二维纹理单元。

● 热传导（使用一维纹理）

 #include <stdio.h>

 #include "cuda_runtime.h"

 #include "device_launch_parameters.h"

 #include "D:\Code\CUDA\book\common\book.h"

 #include "D:\Code\CUDA\book\common\cpu_anim.h"

 #define DIM 1024

 #define PI 3.1415926535897932f

 #define MAX_TEMP 1.0f

 #define MIN_TEMP 0.0001f

 #define SPEED   0.25f

 //在全局位置上声明纹理引用，存在于GPU中

 texture<float>  texConstSrc;

 texture<float>  texIn;

 texture<float>  texOut;

 struct DataBlock

 {

     unsigned char   *output_bitmap;

     float           *dev_inSrc;

     float           *dev_outSrc;

     float           *dev_constSrc;

     CPUAnimBitmap  *bitmap;

     cudaEvent_t     start, stop;

     float           totalTime;

     float           frames;

 };

 __global__ void blend_kernel(float *dst, bool dstOut)

 {

     int x = threadIdx.x + blockIdx.x * blockDim.x;

     int y = threadIdx.y + blockIdx.y * blockDim.y;

     int offset = x + y * blockDim.x * gridDim.x;

     int left = offset - ;//找到上下左右的块

     int right = offset + ;

     int top = offset - DIM;

     int bottom = offset + DIM;

     if (x == )

         left++;

     if (x == DIM - )

         right--;

     if (y == )

         top += DIM;

     if (y == DIM - )

         bottom -= DIM;

     float   t, l, c, r, b;

     if (dstOut)

     {

         t = tex1Dfetch(texIn, top);

         l = tex1Dfetch(texIn, left);

         c = tex1Dfetch(texIn, offset);

         r = tex1Dfetch(texIn, right);

         b = tex1Dfetch(texIn, bottom);

     }

     else

     {

         t = tex1Dfetch(texOut, top);

         l = tex1Dfetch(texOut, left);

         c = tex1Dfetch(texOut, offset);

         r = tex1Dfetch(texOut, right);

         b = tex1Dfetch(texOut, bottom);

     }

     dst[offset] = c + SPEED * (t + b + r + l -  * c);

     return;

 }

 __global__ void copy_const_kernel(float *iptr)// 将恒温常量矩阵覆盖输入矩阵

 {

     int x = threadIdx.x + blockIdx.x * blockDim.x;

     int y = threadIdx.y + blockIdx.y * blockDim.y;

     int offset = x + y * blockDim.x * gridDim.x;

     float c = tex1Dfetch(texConstSrc, offset);

     if (c != )

         iptr[offset] = c;

     return;

 }

 void anim_gpu(DataBlock *d, int ticks)

 {

     cudaEventRecord(d->start, );

     dim3    blocks(DIM / , DIM / );

     dim3    threads(, );

     CPUAnimBitmap  *bitmap = d->bitmap;

     volatile bool dstOut = true;//确定输入矩阵是哪一个，true代表dev_inSrc，false代表ev_outSrc

     for (int i = ; i < ; i++)

     {

         float   *in, *out;

         if (dstOut)

         {

             in = d->dev_inSrc;

             out = d->dev_outSrc;

         }

         else

         {

             in = d->dev_outSrc;

             out = d->dev_inSrc;

         }

         copy_const_kernel << < blocks, threads >> > (in);

         blend_kernel << < blocks, threads >> > (out, dstOut);

         dstOut = !dstOut;

     }

     float_to_color << < blocks, threads >> > (d->output_bitmap, d->dev_inSrc);

     cudaMemcpy(bitmap->get_ptr(), d->output_bitmap, bitmap->image_size(), cudaMemcpyDeviceToHost);

     cudaEventRecord(d->stop, );

     cudaEventSynchronize(d->stop);

     float   elapsedTime;

     cudaEventElapsedTime(&elapsedTime, d->start, d->stop);

     d->totalTime += elapsedTime;

     ++d->frames;

     printf("Average Time per frame:  %3.1f ms\n", d->totalTime / d->frames);

 }

 void anim_exit(DataBlock *d)// 收拾申请的内存

 {

     cudaUnbindTexture(texIn);

     cudaUnbindTexture(texOut);

     cudaUnbindTexture(texConstSrc);

     cudaFree(d->dev_inSrc);

     cudaFree(d->dev_outSrc);

     cudaFree(d->dev_constSrc);

     cudaEventDestroy(d->start);

     cudaEventDestroy(d->stop);

     return;

 }

 int main(void)

 {

     DataBlock   data;

     CPUAnimBitmap bitmap(DIM, DIM, &data);

     data.bitmap = &bitmap;

     data.totalTime = ;

     data.frames = ;

     cudaEventCreate(&data.start);

     cudaEventCreate(&data.stop);

     int imageSize = bitmap.image_size();

     cudaMalloc((void**)&data.output_bitmap, imageSize);

     cudaMalloc((void**)&data.dev_inSrc, imageSize);

     cudaMalloc((void**)&data.dev_outSrc, imageSize);

     cudaMalloc((void**)&data.dev_constSrc, imageSize);

     cudaBindTexture(NULL, texConstSrc, data.dev_constSrc, imageSize);//将内存绑定到之前声明的纹理引用中去

     cudaBindTexture(NULL, texIn, data.dev_inSrc, imageSize);

     cudaBindTexture(NULL, texOut, data.dev_outSrc, imageSize);

     float *temp = (float*)malloc(imageSize);

     for (int i = ; i < DIM*DIM; i++)// 恒温格点数据

     {

         temp[i] = ;

         int x = i % DIM;

         int y = i / DIM;

         if ((x >= ) && (x < ) && (y >= ) && (y < ))

             temp[i] = MAX_TEMP;

         if ((x >= ) && (x < ) && (y >= ) && (y < ))

             temp[i] = MIN_TEMP;

     }

     cudaMemcpy(data.dev_constSrc, temp, imageSize, cudaMemcpyHostToDevice);

     for (int i = ; i < DIM*DIM; i++)// 初始温度场数据

     {

         temp[i] = 0.5;

         int x = i % DIM;

         int y = i / DIM;

         if ((x >= ) && (x < ) && (y >= ) && (y < ))

             temp[i] = MAX_TEMP;

     }

     cudaMemcpy(data.dev_inSrc, temp, imageSize, cudaMemcpyHostToDevice);

     free(temp);

     bitmap.anim_and_exit((void(*)(void*, int))anim_gpu, (void(*)(void*))anim_exit);

     getchar();

     return;

 }

● 输出结果（左侧为恒高温，中间为恒低温，右侧为初始高温点）

● 使用一维纹理内存的过程浓缩一下就变成了以下过程

 texture<float>  texSrc;// 在全局位置上声明纹理引用

 float *dev_Src;

 cudaMalloc((void**)&dev_Src, sizeof(float)*DIM);// 申请和绑定纹理内存

 cudaBindTexture(NULL, texSrc, dev_Src, NULL);

 float *temp = (float *)malloc(sizeof(float)*DIM);// 初始化该内存中的内容

 //Initalize data in temp and then free(temp)

 cudaMemcpy(dev_Src, temp, sizeof(float)*DIM, cudaMemcpyHostToDevice);

 //Do something

 cudaUnbindTexture(texSrc);// 解绑和释放内存

 cudaFree(dev_Src);

● 访问纹理内存不用中括号下标，而是

 int x = threadIdx.x + blockIdx.x * blockDim.x;

 int y = threadIdx.y + blockIdx.y * blockDim.y;

 int offset = x + y * blockDim.x * gridDim.x;

 float c = tex1Dfetch(texSrc, offset);

● 热传导（使用二维纹理），输出结果同一维纹理的的情况，速度上没有明显差别

 #include <stdio.h>

 #include "cuda_runtime.h"

 #include "device_launch_parameters.h"

 #include "D:\Code\CUDA\book\common\book.h"

 #include "D:\Code\CUDA\book\common\cpu_anim.h"

 #define DIM 1024

 #define PI 3.1415926535897932f

 #define MAX_TEMP 1.0f

 #define MIN_TEMP 0.0001f

 #define SPEED   0.25f

 texture<float, >  texConstSrc;

 texture<float, >  texIn;

 texture<float, >  texOut;

 struct DataBlock

 {

     unsigned char   *output_bitmap;

     float           *dev_inSrc;

     float           *dev_outSrc;

     float           *dev_constSrc;

     CPUAnimBitmap  *bitmap;

     cudaEvent_t     start, stop;

     float           totalTime;

     float           frames;

 };

 __global__ void blend_kernel(float *dst,bool dstOut)

 {

     int x = threadIdx.x + blockIdx.x * blockDim.x;

     int y = threadIdx.y + blockIdx.y * blockDim.y;

     int offset = x + y * blockDim.x * gridDim.x;

     float   t, l, c, r, b;

     if (dstOut)//不需要自己处理边界情况

     {

         t = tex2D(texIn, x, y - );

         l = tex2D(texIn, x - , y);

         c = tex2D(texIn, x, y);

         r = tex2D(texIn, x + , y);

         b = tex2D(texIn, x, y + );

     }

     else

     {

         t = tex2D(texOut, x, y - );

         l = tex2D(texOut, x - , y);

         c = tex2D(texOut, x, y);

         r = tex2D(texOut, x + , y);

         b = tex2D(texOut, x, y + );

     }

     dst[offset] = c + SPEED * (t + b + r + l -  * c);

     return;

 }

 __global__ void copy_const_kernel(float *iptr)

 {

     // map from threadIdx/BlockIdx to pixel position

     int x = threadIdx.x + blockIdx.x * blockDim.x;

     int y = threadIdx.y + blockIdx.y * blockDim.y;

     int offset = x + y * blockDim.x * gridDim.x;

     float c = tex2D(texConstSrc, x, y);

     if (c != )

         iptr[offset] = c;

     return;

 }

 void anim_gpu(DataBlock *d, int ticks)

 {

     cudaEventRecord(d->start, );

     dim3    blocks(DIM / , DIM / );

     dim3    threads(, );

     CPUAnimBitmap  *bitmap = d->bitmap;

     volatile bool dstOut = true;

     for (int i = ; i < ; i++)

     {

         float   *in, *out;

         if (dstOut) {

             in  = d->dev_inSrc;

             out = d->dev_outSrc;

         }

         else

         {

             out = d->dev_inSrc;

             in  = d->dev_outSrc;

         }

         copy_const_kernel << <blocks, threads >> > (in);

         blend_kernel << <blocks, threads >> > (out, dstOut);

         dstOut = !dstOut;

     }

     float_to_color << <blocks, threads >> > (d->output_bitmap, d->dev_inSrc);

     cudaMemcpy(bitmap->get_ptr(), d->output_bitmap, bitmap->image_size(), cudaMemcpyDeviceToHost);

     cudaEventRecord(d->stop, );

     cudaEventSynchronize(d->stop);

     float   elapsedTime;

     cudaEventElapsedTime(&elapsedTime, d->start, d->stop);

     d->totalTime += elapsedTime;

     ++d->frames;

     printf("Average Time per frame:  %3.1f ms\n", d->totalTime / d->frames);

     return;

 }

 void anim_exit(DataBlock *d)

 {

     cudaUnbindTexture(texIn);

     cudaUnbindTexture(texOut);

     cudaUnbindTexture(texConstSrc);

     cudaFree(d->dev_inSrc);

     cudaFree(d->dev_outSrc);

     cudaFree(d->dev_constSrc);

     cudaEventDestroy(d->start);

     cudaEventDestroy(d->stop);

     return;

 }

 int main(void)

 {

     DataBlock   data;

     CPUAnimBitmap bitmap(DIM, DIM, &data);

     data.bitmap = &bitmap;

     data.totalTime = ;

     data.frames = ;

     cudaEventCreate(&data.start);

     cudaEventCreate(&data.stop);

     int imageSize = bitmap.image_size();

     cudaMalloc((void**)&data.output_bitmap, imageSize);

     cudaMalloc((void**)&data.dev_inSrc, imageSize);

     cudaMalloc((void**)&data.dev_outSrc, imageSize);

     cudaMalloc((void**)&data.dev_constSrc, imageSize);

     cudaChannelFormatDesc desc = cudaCreateChannelDesc<float>();

     cudaBindTexture2D(NULL, texConstSrc, data.dev_constSrc, desc, DIM, DIM, sizeof(float) * DIM);

     cudaBindTexture2D(NULL, texIn, data.dev_inSrc, desc, DIM, DIM, sizeof(float) * DIM);

     cudaBindTexture2D(NULL, texOut, data.dev_outSrc, desc, DIM, DIM, sizeof(float) * DIM); 

     float *temp = (float*)malloc(imageSize);

     for (int i = ; i<DIM*DIM; i++) {

         temp[i] = ;

         int x = i % DIM;

         int y = i / DIM;

         if ((x >= ) && (x < ) && (y >= ) && (y < ))

             temp[i] = MAX_TEMP;

         if ((x >= ) && (x < ) && (y >= ) && (y < ))

             temp[i] = MIN_TEMP;

     }

     cudaMemcpy(data.dev_constSrc, temp, imageSize, cudaMemcpyHostToDevice);

     for (int i = ; i < DIM*DIM; i++)// 初始温度场数据

     {

         temp[i] = 0.5;

         int x = i % DIM;

         int y = i / DIM;

         if ((x >= ) && (x < ) && (y >= ) && (y < ))

             temp[i] = MAX_TEMP;

     }

     cudaMemcpy(data.dev_inSrc, temp, imageSize, cudaMemcpyHostToDevice);

     free(temp);

     bitmap.anim_and_exit((void(*)(void*, int))anim_gpu, (void(*)(void*))anim_exit);

     getchar();

     return ;

 }

● 使用纹理内存的过程浓缩一下就变成了以下过程

 texture<float, >  texSrc;// 在全局位置上声明纹理引用

 float *dev_Src;

 cudaMalloc((void**)&dev_Src, DIM*DIM);// 申请和绑定纹理内存

 cudaChannelFormatDesc desc = cudaCreateChannelDesc<float>();

 cudaBindTexture2D(NULL, texSrc, dev_Src, desc, DIM, DIM, sizeof(float) * DIM*DIM);

 float *temp = (float*)malloc(sizeof(float)*DIM*DIM);// 初始化该内存中的内容

 //Initalize data in temp and then free(temp)

 cudaMemcpy(dev_Src, temp, sizeof(float)*DIM*DIM, cudaMemcpyHostToDevice);

 //Do something

 cudaUnbindTexture(texSrc);// 解绑和释放内存

 cudaFree(dev_Src);

● 访问纹理内存不用中括号下标，而是

 int x = threadIdx.x + blockIdx.x * blockDim.x;

 int y = threadIdx.y + blockIdx.y * blockDim.y;

 float c = tex2D(texSrc, x, y);

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