Android5.0新控件RecyclerVIew的介绍和兼容使用的方法

　　第一部分

　　RecyclerVIew是一个可以替代listview和Gallery的有效空间而且在support-v7中有了低版本支持，具体使用方式还是规规矩矩的适配器加控件模式。我们先来看看官网的介绍：

介绍

RecyclerView  is a more advanced and flexible version of  ListView . This widget is a container for large sets of views that can be recycled and scrolled very efficiently. Use the  RecyclerView  widget when you have lists with elements that change dynamically.

RecyclerView比listview更先进更灵活，对于很多的视图它就是一个容器，可以有效的重用和滚动。当数据动态变化的时候请使用它。

RecyclerView  is easy to use, because it provides:

• A layout manager for positioning items
• Default animations for common item operations
• You also have the flexibility to define custom layout managers and animations for this widget.

RecyclerView使用起来很方便因为它提供：

• 它为item的定位提供一个layoutmanager
• 为item的操作提供一个缺省的animations
• 您还可以灵活地定义这个小部件的自定义布局管理器和动画

To use the  RecyclerView  widget, you have to specify an adapter and a layout manager. To create an adapter, you extend the  RecyclerView.Adapter  class. The details of the implementation depend on the specifics of your dataset and the type of views. For more information, see the  examplesbelow.

为了使用RecyclerVIew,你必须指定一个adapter和一个layoutmanager，为了创建一个adapter，你必须得继承RecyclerView.Adapter,详细的实现方法取决与你的数据集和你视图的类型。

Google官方的一个例子：

1.布局文件activity_main.xml

<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    tools:context="${relativePackage}.${activityClass}" >

    <!-- A RecyclerView with some commonly used attributes -->

    <android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView
        android:id="@+id/my_recycler_view"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:scrollbars="horizontal"
        />

</RelativeLayout>

2.item的布局文件，就是一个textview

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<TextView xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="wrap_content"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:layout_gravity="center_horizontal"
    android:text="Large Text"
    android:textAppearance="?android:attr/textAppearanceLarge" />

3.主要代码

3.1 定义控件和布局

  /*
     * recyclerview提供这些内置的布局管理器：
     * linearlayoutmanager              显示垂直滚动列表或水平的项目。
     * gridlayoutmanager                显示在一个网格项目。
     * staggeredgridlayoutmanager       显示在交错网格项目。
     * 自定义的布局管理器，需要继承recyclerview.layoutmanager类。
     *
     * add/remove items时的动画是默认启用的。
     * 自定义这些动画需要继承RecyclerView.ItemAnimator，并实现RecyclerView.setItemAnimator()
     */  

    private RecyclerView mRecyclerView;
    private RecyclerView.Adapter<MyAdapter.ViewHolder> mAdapter;
    private LinearLayoutManager mLayoutManager;  

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        String [] myDataset = {"Android","ios","jack","tony","window","mac","1234","hehe","495948"};

        mRecyclerView = (RecyclerView) findViewById(R.id.my_recycler_view);

        // improve performance if you know that changes in content
        // do not change the size of the RecyclerView
        mRecyclerView.setHasFixedSize(true);

        // use a linear layout manager
        mLayoutManager = new LinearLayoutManager(this);
        //设置RecycleView的显示方向：（默认为垂直） 水平
        mLayoutManager.setOrientation(LinearLayoutManager.VERTICAL);
        mRecyclerView.setLayoutManager(mLayoutManager);

        // specify an adapter (see also next example)
        mAdapter = new MyAdapter(myDataset);
        mRecyclerView.setAdapter(mAdapter);
    }

3.2 适配器

    public class MyAdapter extends RecyclerView.Adapter<MyAdapter.ViewHolder> {
        private String[] mDataset;

        // Provide a reference to the type of views that you are using
        // (custom viewholder)
        public class ViewHolder extends RecyclerView.ViewHolder {
            public TextView mTextView;

            public ViewHolder(TextView v) {
                super(v);
                mTextView = v;
            }
        }

        // Provide a suitable constructor (depends on the kind of dataset)
        public MyAdapter(String[] myDataset) {
            mDataset = myDataset;
        }

        // Create new views (invoked by the layout manager)
        @Override
        public MyAdapter.ViewHolder onCreateViewHolder(ViewGroup parent,
                int viewType) {
            // create a new view
            View v = LayoutInflater.from(parent.getContext()).inflate(
                    R.layout.my_text_view, parent, false);
            // set the view's size, margins, paddings and layout parameters

            ViewHolder vh = new ViewHolder((TextView) v);
            return vh;
        }

        // Replace the contents of a view (invoked by the layout manager)
        @Override
        public void onBindViewHolder(ViewHolder holder, int position) {
            // - get element from your dataset at this position
            // - replace the contents of the view with that element
            holder.mTextView.setText(mDataset[position]);

        }

        // Return the size of your dataset (invoked by the layout manager)
        @Override
        public int getItemCount() {
            return mDataset.length;
        }
    }

全部代码：

package com.kale.recyclerviewtest;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.support.v7.widget.LinearLayoutManager;
import android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.TextView;

public class MainActivity extends Activity {

    private RecyclerView mRecyclerView;
    private RecyclerView.Adapter<MyAdapter.ViewHolder> mAdapter;
    private LinearLayoutManager mLayoutManager;  

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        String [] myDataset = {"Android","ios","jack","tony","window","mac","1234","hehe","495948"};

        mRecyclerView = (RecyclerView) findViewById(R.id.my_recycler_view);

        // improve performance if you know that changes in content
        // do not change the size of the RecyclerView
        mRecyclerView.setHasFixedSize(true);

        // use a linear layout manager
        mLayoutManager = new LinearLayoutManager(this);
        //设置RecycleView的显示方向：（默认为垂直） 水平
        mLayoutManager.setOrientation(LinearLayoutManager.VERTICAL);
        mRecyclerView.setLayoutManager(mLayoutManager);

        // specify an adapter (see also next example)
        mAdapter = new MyAdapter(myDataset);
        mRecyclerView.setAdapter(mAdapter);
    }

    public class MyAdapter extends RecyclerView.Adapter<MyAdapter.ViewHolder> {
        private String[] mDataset;

        // Provide a reference to the type of views that you are using
        // (custom viewholder)
        public class ViewHolder extends RecyclerView.ViewHolder {
            public TextView mTextView;

            public ViewHolder(TextView v) {
                super(v);
                mTextView = v;
            }
        }

        // Provide a suitable constructor (depends on the kind of dataset)
        public MyAdapter(String[] myDataset) {
            mDataset = myDataset;
        }

        // Create new views (invoked by the layout manager)
        @Override
        public MyAdapter.ViewHolder onCreateViewHolder(ViewGroup parent,
                int viewType) {
            // create a new view
            View v = LayoutInflater.from(parent.getContext()).inflate(
                    R.layout.my_text_view, parent, false);
            // set the view's size, margins, paddings and layout parameters

            ViewHolder vh = new ViewHolder((TextView) v);
            return vh;
        }

        // Replace the contents of a view (invoked by the layout manager)
        @Override
        public void onBindViewHolder(ViewHolder holder, int position) {
            // - get element from your dataset at this position
            // - replace the contents of the view with that element
            holder.mTextView.setText(mDataset[position]);

        }

        // Return the size of your dataset (invoked by the layout manager)
        @Override
        public int getItemCount() {
            return mDataset.length;
        }
    }
}

PS：这个控件好就好在可以自定义动画和布局的方向，在以前还需要我们自己写横向滑动的listview，现在有了它就方便多了。但缺点是没有listview那么完善，没添加头、尾视图的功能。再说下它的动画和布局类，以后用到的话就知道了。

（1）为每个条目位置提供了layout管理器（RecyclerView.setLayoutManager）

（2）为每个条目设置了操作动画（RecyclerView.setItemAnimator）

第二部分

　　现在我们知道它是什么，怎么用了后。我们就想自己实现点击效果，要知道它是不提供itemclicklistner的，所以需要换个思路，在viewHolder中进行实现。其实这样的分离让代码更加简单和便于维护了。下面的代码仅仅是概要演示，具体实际操作中我们完全可以利用viewholder来提升滑动的性能，如果viewHolder 中有这个视图那么就调出，如果没有那么就重新findviewById。

1.viewHolder

viewholder中传入了一个父视图，直接绑定监听器。然后根据需要找到子视图，进行操作。

    /**
     * @author:Jack Tony
     * @tips  :写一个viewHolder，用来得到控件。
     * @date  :2014-11-1
     */
    public class MyViewHolder extends RecyclerView.ViewHolder implements OnClickListener,OnLongClickListener{

        private TextView mTextView;
        private int mPosition;

        public MyViewHolder(View rootView) {
            super(rootView);
            //给父控件绑定监听器
            rootView.setOnClickListener(this);
            //通过findviewbyId找到item中的控件进行设置
            mTextView = (TextView)rootView.findViewById(R.id.textView1);
            ImageView imageView = (ImageView)rootView.findViewById(R.id.imageView1);
            imageView.setImageResource(R.drawable.kale);
        }

        public void setPosition(int position) {
            mPosition = position;
        }

        @Override
        public boolean onLongClick(View v) {
            // TODO 自动生成的方法存根
            return false;
        }

        @Override
        public void onClick(View v) {
            // TODO 自动生成的方法存根
            Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "click "+mPosition, 0).show();
        }  

    }

2.Adapter

因为用了自己写的MyHolder，所以这里类的泛型中应该传入自己的这个viewHolder的类名。具体写法还是和第一部分中的写法一样，甚至简单了很多。因为这里我们只需要关系数据源和位置即可。

    /**
     * @author:Jack Tony
     * @tips  :这里面完全可以根据viewholder是否为null进行优化
     * @date  :2014-11-1
     */
    public class Adapter extends RecyclerView.Adapter<MyViewHolder>{

        private String[] mDataset;
        private MyViewHolder mViewHoder;

        public Adapter(String[] myDataset) {
            mDataset = myDataset;
        }

        @Override
        public int getItemCount() {
            // TODO 自动生成的方法存根
            return mDataset.length;
        }

        @Override
        public void onBindViewHolder(MyViewHolder holder, int position) {
            mViewHoder.mTextView.setText(mDataset[position]);
            mViewHoder.setPosition(position);
        }

        @Override
        public MyViewHolder onCreateViewHolder(ViewGroup parent, int viewType) {
            View v = LayoutInflater.from(parent.getContext()).inflate(R.layout.item, parent, false);
             mViewHoder = new MyViewHolder(v);
            return mViewHoder;
        }

    }
    

3.Animation

通过继承RecyclerView.ItemAnimator这个类就可以给RecylerView添加item动画，至于具体的实现网上没有什么资料。所以我这里也没想出怎么玩的，以后再补上吧。这里先给出空实现。

    public class MyAnim extends RecyclerView.ItemAnimator{

        @Override
        public boolean animateAdd(ViewHolder arg0) {
            // TODO 自动生成的方法存根
            return false;
        }

        @Override
        public boolean animateChange(ViewHolder arg0, ViewHolder arg1,
                int arg2, int arg3, int arg4, int arg5) {
            // TODO 自动生成的方法存根
            return false;
        }

        @Override
        public boolean animateMove(ViewHolder holder, int fromX, int fromY, int toX, int toY) {
            // TODO 自动生成的方法存根
            return false;
        }

        @Override
        public boolean animateRemove(ViewHolder arg0) {
            // TODO 自动生成的方法存根
            return false;
        }

        @Override
        public void endAnimation(ViewHolder arg0) {
            // TODO 自动生成的方法存根

        }

        @Override
        public void endAnimations() {
            // TODO 自动生成的方法存根

        }

        @Override
        public boolean isRunning() {
            // TODO 自动生成的方法存根
            return false;
        }

        @Override
        public void runPendingAnimations() {
            // TODO 自动生成的方法存根

        }

    }

mRecyclerView.setItemAnimator(new MyAnim());

全部代码：

package com.kale.recyclerviewtest;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.support.v7.widget.LinearLayoutManager;
import android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView;
import android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView.ViewHolder;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.view.View.OnLongClickListener;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.ImageView;
import android.widget.TextView;
import android.widget.Toast;

public class MainActivity extends Activity {

    private RecyclerView mRecyclerView;
    private Adapter mAdapter;
    private LinearLayoutManager mLayoutManager;  

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        String [] myDataset = {"Android","ios","jack","tony","window","mac","C#","hehe","C++"};

        mRecyclerView = (RecyclerView) findViewById(R.id.my_recycler_view);

        // improve performance if you know that changes in content
        // do not change the size of the RecyclerView
        mRecyclerView.setHasFixedSize(true);

        // use a linear layout manager
        mLayoutManager = new LinearLayoutManager(this);
        //设置RecycleView的显示方向：（默认为垂直） 水平
        mLayoutManager.setOrientation(LinearLayoutManager.VERTICAL);
        mRecyclerView.setLayoutManager(mLayoutManager);

        // specify an adapter (see also next example)
        mAdapter = new Adapter(myDataset);
        mRecyclerView.setAdapter(mAdapter);
        mRecyclerView.setItemAnimator(new MyAnim());
    }

    /**
     * @author:Jack Tony
     * @tips  :写一个viewHolder，用来得到控件。
     * @date  :2014-11-1
     */
    public class MyViewHolder extends RecyclerView.ViewHolder implements OnClickListener,OnLongClickListener{

        private TextView mTextView;
        private int mPosition;

        public MyViewHolder(View rootView) {
            super(rootView);
            //给父控件绑定监听器
            rootView.setOnClickListener(this);
            //通过findviewbyId找到item中的控件进行设置
            mTextView = (TextView)rootView.findViewById(R.id.textView1);
            ImageView imageView = (ImageView)rootView.findViewById(R.id.imageView1);
            imageView.setImageResource(R.drawable.kale);
        }

        public void setPosition(int position) {
            mPosition = position;
        }

        @Override
        public boolean onLongClick(View v) {
            // TODO 自动生成的方法存根
            return false;
        }

        @Override
        public void onClick(View v) {
            // TODO 自动生成的方法存根
            Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "click "+mPosition, 0).show();
        }  

    }

    /**
     * @author:Jack Tony
     * @tips  :这里面完全可以根据viewholder是否为null进行优化
     * @date  :2014-11-1
     */
    public class Adapter extends RecyclerView.Adapter<MyViewHolder>{

        private String[] mDataset;
        private MyViewHolder mViewHoder;

        public Adapter(String[] myDataset) {
            mDataset = myDataset;
        }

        @Override
        public int getItemCount() {
            // TODO 自动生成的方法存根
            return mDataset.length;
        }

        @Override
        public void onBindViewHolder(MyViewHolder holder, int position) {
            mViewHoder.mTextView.setText(mDataset[position]);
            mViewHoder.setPosition(position);
        }

        @Override
        public MyViewHolder onCreateViewHolder(ViewGroup parent, int viewType) {
            View v = LayoutInflater.from(parent.getContext()).inflate(R.layout.item, parent, false);
             mViewHoder = new MyViewHolder(v);
            return mViewHoder;
        }

    }

    public class MyAnim extends RecyclerView.ItemAnimator{

        @Override
        public boolean animateAdd(ViewHolder arg0) {
            // TODO 自动生成的方法存根
            return false;
        }

        @Override
        public boolean animateChange(ViewHolder arg0, ViewHolder arg1,
                int arg2, int arg3, int arg4, int arg5) {
            // TODO 自动生成的方法存根
            return false;
        }

        @Override
        public boolean animateMove(ViewHolder holder, int fromX, int fromY, int toX, int toY) {
            // TODO 自动生成的方法存根
            return false;
        }

        @Override
        public boolean animateRemove(ViewHolder arg0) {
            // TODO 自动生成的方法存根
            return false;
        }

        @Override
        public void endAnimation(ViewHolder arg0) {
            // TODO 自动生成的方法存根

        }

        @Override
        public void endAnimations() {
            // TODO 自动生成的方法存根

        }

        @Override
        public boolean isRunning() {
            // TODO 自动生成的方法存根
            return false;
        }

        @Override
        public void runPendingAnimations() {
            // TODO 自动生成的方法存根

        }

    }

}

源码下载：http://download.csdn.net/detail/shark0017/8110309

参考自：

http://blog.csdn.net/jjwwmlp456/article/details/40540233

http://blog.csdn.net/a396901990/article/details/40187769

http://blog.csdn.net/guxiao1201/article/details/40423361