Azure Terraform（四）状态文件存储
一，引言
我们都知道在执行部署计划之后，当前目录中就产生了名叫 “” 的 Terraform 的状态文件，该文件中记录了已部署资源的状态。默认情况下，在执行部署计划后，Terraform 的状态文件会存储在本地，但是这样往往就造成一些弊端：
（1）不适用团队之间协助，就好比在数据库中对同一条数据进行操作时，就会引起异常
（2）状态文件中包含一些机密信息，会造成一定的机密泄露
（3）如果不慎将本地的状态文件删除掉的话，已执行部署计划的资源的管理将很难在通过 Terraform 进行管理
所以，Terraform 是支持在远端存储状态文件，也就是在 Azure Storage Account 中存储远端状态文件，Terraform 状态的存储是由一个称之为Backend的组件决定的，local state使用的是local backend。并且其他所有的Backend在使用之前都需要在模板中显式定义并通过 terraform init 来实现加载和配置。
二，正文
1，创建状态文件存储账户
转到Azure Portal 上，点击 “+ Create a resource”，输入 “Storage account“ 进行搜索，并且点击 ”create“
输入以下参数：
Resource group 选择：”Web_Test_TF_RG“
Storage account name：”cnbateterraformstorage“
Location：”(Asia Pacific) East Asia“
Performance：”Standard“
Account kind （账户类型）选择：”BlobStorage“
Replication （复制）选择：”Locally-redundant storage（LRS）“ (本地冗余存储（LRS）)
点击 ”Review + create“ 进行创建预校验
校验完成后，点击 ”Create“ 进行创建操作
稍等片刻，等待创建完成后，点击 ”go to resource“ 跳转到资源可以查看创建的资源。
选择 “Blog service =》Containers”，点击页面上的 “+ Container” 添加存储状态文件的 Container
Name："terraform-state"
Public access level：“Private（no anonymous access）”
点击 “Create” 进行创建。
可以看到刚刚创建容器
复制存储账户的访问密钥，稍后会有用
2，创建 Azure Key Vault（密钥保管库）
回到 Azure Portal 首页，点击 ”+ create a resource“，输入”Key Vault“ 进行搜索，点击 ”Create“ 创建
输入相关参数：
Resource group 选择：”Web_Test_TF_RG“
Key vault name：”cnbate-terraform-kv“
Region：”East Asia“
Pricing tier：”Standard“
点击 ”Review + create“ ，创建预校验。
预校验完成后，点击 ”Create“ 进行创建操作
创建完成后，可以点击 ”Go to resource“ 查看创建好的资源
选择 “Settings=》Secrets”，点击 “+ Generate/Import” 创建、或者导入机密信息
Upload options：“Manual”（手动）
Name：“terraform-stste-storage-key”
Value：复制粘贴刚刚的存储账户访问密钥
创建成功，并且可以查看到刚刚创建的机密信息
3，配置 Terraform 后端，并且测试远程 tf 状态
Terraform 需要配置后端，需要以下参数
（1）storage_account_name ：Azure 存储账户名称
terraform init -backend-config="access_key=$(az keyvault secret show --name terraform-stste-storage-key --vault-name cnbate-terraform-kv --query value -o tsv)"
（2）container_name：容器名称
（3）key：存储状态文件的名称
（4）access_key：存储账户访问密钥
大家需要注意的是，我这里将 “access_key” 也就是存储账户访问密钥存放在 Azure Key Vault 中了，想要获取 “access_key” 就得通过 Azure Key Vault 获取。
以下是 Terraform 后端配置
terraform {
backend "azurerm" {
storage_account_name = "cnbateterraformstorage"
container_name = "terraform-state"
key = "cnbate.terraform.stats"
}
}
3.1，初始化 Terraform 代码
既然我们没有在 Terraform 后端配置代码块中添加 “access_key” 的信息，那么我们就得在初始化的时候对 ”access_key“ 信息赋值
terraform init -backend-config="access_key=$(az keyvault secret show --name terraform-stste-storage-key --vault-name cnbate-terraform-kv --query value -o tsv)"
然后，我们可以看到执行初始化命令之后的日志输出
同时会在存储账户的容器中生成 Blob 块
并且可以看到当前blob 块的详细信息
LEASE STATUS：解锁状态
LEASE STATE：可用状态
3.2，生成执行计划
terraform plan
以下是执行后输入的日志信息
从中不难看到，在生成执行计划之前，先获取状态锁。（注意，生成执行计划。不会将该执行计划持久化到远程状态存储）
PS D:\Core\Terraform\Azure\terraform_cnbate_traffic manager> terraform plan
Acquiring state lock. This may take a few moments...
Refreshing Terraform state in-memory prior to plan...
The refreshed state will be used to calculate this plan, but will not be
persisted to local or remote state storage. data.azurerm_resource_group.cnbate_resource_group: Refreshing state... ------------------------------------------------------------------------ An execution plan has been generated and is shown below.
Resource actions are indicated with the following symbols:
+ create Terraform will perform the following actions: # azurerm_app_service.cnbate_app_service01 will be created
+ resource "azurerm_app_service" "cnbate_app_service01" {
+ app_service_plan_id = (known after apply)
+ app_settings = {
+ "ASPNETCORE_ENVIRONMENT" = "Production"
}
+ client_affinity_enabled = false
+ client_cert_enabled = false
+ custom_domain_verification_id = (known after apply)
+ default_site_hostname = (known after apply)
+ enabled = true
+ https_only = false
+ id = (known after apply)
+ location = "eastasia"
+ name = "CnBateBlogWeb01"
+ outbound_ip_address_list = (known after apply)
+ outbound_ip_addresses = (known after apply)
+ possible_outbound_ip_address_list = (known after apply)
+ possible_outbound_ip_addresses = (known after apply)
+ resource_group_name = "Web_Test_TF_RG"
+ site_credential = (known after apply) + auth_settings {
+ additional_login_params = (known after apply)
+ allowed_external_redirect_urls = (known after apply)
+ default_provider = (known after apply)
+ enabled = (known after apply)
+ issuer = (known after apply)
+ runtime_version = (known after apply)
+ token_refresh_extension_hours = (known after apply)
+ token_store_enabled = (known after apply)
+ unauthenticated_client_action = (known after apply) + active_directory {
+ allowed_audiences = (known after apply)
+ client_id = (known after apply)
+ client_secret = (sensitive value)
} + facebook {
+ app_id = (known after apply)
+ app_secret = (sensitive value)
+ oauth_scopes = (known after apply)
} + google {
+ client_id = (known after apply)
+ client_secret = (sensitive value)
+ oauth_scopes = (known after apply)
} + microsoft {
+ client_id = (known after apply)
+ client_secret = (sensitive value)
+ oauth_scopes = (known after apply)
} + twitter {
+ consumer_key = (known after apply)
+ consumer_secret = (sensitive value)
}
} + connection_string {
+ name = (known after apply)
+ type = (known after apply)
+ value = (sensitive value)
} + identity {
+ identity_ids = (known after apply)
+ principal_id = (known after apply)
+ tenant_id = (known after apply)
+ type = (known after apply)
} + logs {
+ detailed_error_messages_enabled = (known after apply)
+ failed_request_tracing_enabled = (known after apply) + application_logs {
+ file_system_level = (known after apply) + azure_blob_storage {
+ level = (known after apply)
+ retention_in_days = (known after apply)
+ sas_url = (sensitive value)
}
} + http_logs {
+ azure_blob_storage {
+ retention_in_days = (known after apply)
+ sas_url = (sensitive value)
} + file_system {
+ retention_in_days = (known after apply)
+ retention_in_mb = (known after apply)
}
}
} + site_config {
+ always_on = (known after apply)
+ app_command_line = (known after apply)
+ auto_swap_slot_name = (known after apply)
+ default_documents = (known after apply)
+ dotnet_framework_version = (known after apply)
+ ftps_state = (known after apply)
+ health_check_path = (known after apply)
+ http2_enabled = (known after apply)
+ ip_restriction = (known after apply)
+ java_container = (known after apply)
+ java_container_version = (known after apply)
+ java_version = (known after apply)
+ linux_fx_version = (known after apply)
+ local_mysql_enabled = (known after apply)
+ managed_pipeline_mode = (known after apply)
+ min_tls_version = (known after apply)
+ php_version = (known after apply)
+ python_version = (known after apply)
+ remote_debugging_enabled = (known after apply)
+ remote_debugging_version = (known after apply)
+ scm_ip_restriction = (known after apply)
+ scm_type = (known after apply)
+ scm_use_main_ip_restriction = (known after apply)
+ use_32_bit_worker_process = (known after apply)
+ websockets_enabled = (known after apply)
+ windows_fx_version = (known after apply) + cors {
+ allowed_origins = (known after apply)
+ support_credentials = (known after apply)
}
} + source_control {
+ branch = (known after apply)
+ manual_integration = (known after apply)
+ repo_url = (known after apply)
+ rollback_enabled = (known after apply)
+ use_mercurial = (known after apply)
} + storage_account {
+ access_key = (sensitive value)
+ account_name = (known after apply)
+ mount_path = (known after apply)
+ name = (known after apply)
+ share_name = (known after apply)
+ type = (known after apply)
}
} # azurerm_app_service.cnbate_app_service02 will be created
+ resource "azurerm_app_service" "cnbate_app_service02" {
+ app_service_plan_id = (known after apply)
+ app_settings = {
+ "ASPNETCORE_ENVIRONMENT" = "Production"
}
+ client_affinity_enabled = false
+ client_cert_enabled = false
+ custom_domain_verification_id = (known after apply)
+ default_site_hostname = (known after apply)
+ enabled = true
+ https_only = false
+ id = (known after apply)
+ location = "southeastasia"
+ name = "CnBateBlogWeb02"
+ outbound_ip_address_list = (known after apply)
+ outbound_ip_addresses = (known after apply)
+ possible_outbound_ip_address_list = (known after apply)
+ possible_outbound_ip_addresses = (known after apply)
+ resource_group_name = "Web_Test_TF_RG"
+ site_credential = (known after apply) + auth_settings {
+ additional_login_params = (known after apply)
+ allowed_external_redirect_urls = (known after apply)
+ default_provider = (known after apply)
+ enabled = (known after apply)
+ issuer = (known after apply)
+ runtime_version = (known after apply)
+ token_refresh_extension_hours = (known after apply)
+ token_store_enabled = (known after apply)
+ unauthenticated_client_action = (known after apply) + active_directory {
+ allowed_audiences = (known after apply)
+ client_id = (known after apply)
+ client_secret = (sensitive value)
} + facebook {
+ app_id = (known after apply)
+ app_secret = (sensitive value)
+ oauth_scopes = (known after apply)
} + google {
+ client_id = (known after apply)
+ client_secret = (sensitive value)
+ oauth_scopes = (known after apply)
} + microsoft {
+ client_id = (known after apply)
+ client_secret = (sensitive value)
+ oauth_scopes = (known after apply)
} + twitter {
+ consumer_key = (known after apply)
+ consumer_secret = (sensitive value)
}
} + connection_string {
+ name = (known after apply)
+ type = (known after apply)
+ value = (sensitive value)
} + identity {
+ identity_ids = (known after apply)
+ principal_id = (known after apply)
+ tenant_id = (known after apply)
+ type = (known after apply)
} + logs {
+ detailed_error_messages_enabled = (known after apply)
+ failed_request_tracing_enabled = (known after apply) + application_logs {
+ file_system_level = (known after apply) + azure_blob_storage {
+ level = (known after apply)
+ retention_in_days = (known after apply)
+ sas_url = (sensitive value)
}
} + http_logs {
+ azure_blob_storage {
+ retention_in_days = (known after apply)
+ sas_url = (sensitive value)
} + file_system {
+ retention_in_days = (known after apply)
+ retention_in_mb = (known after apply)
}
}
} + site_config {
+ always_on = (known after apply)
+ app_command_line = (known after apply)
+ auto_swap_slot_name = (known after apply)
+ default_documents = (known after apply)
+ dotnet_framework_version = (known after apply)
+ ftps_state = (known after apply)
+ health_check_path = (known after apply)
+ http2_enabled = (known after apply)
+ ip_restriction = (known after apply)
+ java_container = (known after apply)
+ java_container_version = (known after apply)
+ java_version = (known after apply)
+ linux_fx_version = (known after apply)
+ local_mysql_enabled = (known after apply)
+ managed_pipeline_mode = (known after apply)
+ min_tls_version = (known after apply)
+ php_version = (known after apply)
+ python_version = (known after apply)
+ remote_debugging_enabled = (known after apply)
+ remote_debugging_version = (known after apply)
+ scm_ip_restriction = (known after apply)
+ scm_type = (known after apply)
+ scm_use_main_ip_restriction = (known after apply)
+ use_32_bit_worker_process = (known after apply)
+ websockets_enabled = (known after apply)
+ windows_fx_version = (known after apply) + cors {
+ allowed_origins = (known after apply)
+ support_credentials = (known after apply)
}
} + source_control {
+ branch = (known after apply)
+ manual_integration = (known after apply)
+ repo_url = (known after apply)
+ rollback_enabled = (known after apply)
+ use_mercurial = (known after apply)
} + storage_account {
+ access_key = (sensitive value)
+ account_name = (known after apply)
+ mount_path = (known after apply)
+ name = (known after apply)
+ share_name = (known after apply)
+ type = (known after apply)
}
} # azurerm_app_service_plan.cnbate_app_service_plan01 will be created
+ resource "azurerm_app_service_plan" "cnbate_app_service_plan01" {
+ id = (known after apply)
+ kind = "Windows"
+ location = "eastasia"
+ maximum_elastic_worker_count = (known after apply)
+ maximum_number_of_workers = (known after apply)
+ name = "cnbate_appserviceplan01"
+ resource_group_name = "Web_Test_TF_RG" + sku {
+ capacity = (known after apply)
+ size = "S1"
+ tier = "Standard"
}
} # azurerm_app_service_plan.cnbate_app_service_plan02 will be created
+ resource "azurerm_app_service_plan" "cnbate_app_service_plan02" {
+ id = (known after apply)
+ kind = "Windows"
+ location = "southeastasia"
+ maximum_elastic_worker_count = (known after apply)
+ maximum_number_of_workers = (known after apply)
+ name = "cnbate_appserviceplan02"
+ resource_group_name = "Web_Test_TF_RG" + sku {
+ capacity = (known after apply)
+ size = "S1"
+ tier = "Standard"
}
} # azurerm_traffic_manager_endpoint.cnbate_traffic_manager_endpoint01 will be created
+ resource "azurerm_traffic_manager_endpoint" "cnbate_traffic_manager_endpoint01" {
+ endpoint_location = (known after apply)
+ endpoint_monitor_status = (known after apply)
+ endpoint_status = (known after apply)
+ geo_mappings = [
+ "CN",
]
+ id = (known after apply)
+ name = "cnbateblogweb_webapp01_performance"
+ priority = (known after apply)
+ profile_name = "cnbateblogweb"
+ resource_group_name = "Web_Test_TF_RG"
+ target = (known after apply)
+ target_resource_id = (known after apply)
+ type = "azureEndpoints"
+ weight = (known after apply)
} # azurerm_traffic_manager_endpoint.cnbate_traffic_manager_endpoint02 will be created
+ resource "azurerm_traffic_manager_endpoint" "cnbate_traffic_manager_endpoint02" {
+ endpoint_location = (known after apply)
+ endpoint_monitor_status = (known after apply)
+ endpoint_status = (known after apply)
+ geo_mappings = [
+ "SG",
]
+ id = (known after apply)
+ name = "cnbateblogweb_webapp02_performance"
+ priority = (known after apply)
+ profile_name = "cnbateblogweb"
+ resource_group_name = "Web_Test_TF_RG"
+ target = (known after apply)
+ target_resource_id = (known after apply)
+ type = "azureEndpoints"
+ weight = (known after apply)
} # azurerm_traffic_manager_profile.cnbate_traffic_manager_profile will be created
+ resource "azurerm_traffic_manager_profile" "cnbate_traffic_manager_profile" {
+ fqdn = (known after apply)
+ id = (known after apply)
+ name = "cnbateblogweb"
+ profile_status = (known after apply)
+ resource_group_name = "Web_Test_TF_RG"
+ tags = {
+ "Environment" = "Production"
}
+ traffic_routing_method = "Geographic" + dns_config {
+ relative_name = "cnbateblogweb"
+ ttl = 60
} + monitor_config {
+ interval_in_seconds = 30
+ path = "/"
+ port = 80
+ protocol = "http"
+ timeout_in_seconds = 10
+ tolerated_number_of_failures = 3
}
} Plan: 7 to add, 0 to change, 0 to destroy. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Note: You didn't specify an "-out" parameter to save this plan, so Terraform
can't guarantee that exactly these actions will be performed if
"terraform apply" is subsequently run. PS D:\Core\Terraform\Azure\terraform_cnbate_traffic manager>
3.3，执行部署计划
terraform apply
以下是正在执行部署计划输入日志
同样，也是先获取状态锁
PS D:\Core\Terraform\Azure\terraform_cnbate_traffic manager> terraform plan
Acquiring state lock. This may take a few moments...
Refreshing Terraform state in-memory prior to plan...
The refreshed state will be used to calculate this plan, but will not be
persisted to local or remote state storage. data.azurerm_resource_group.cnbate_resource_group: Refreshing state...
在执行的过程中，我们再次登录Azure Portal 中，查看存储账容器中的 Blob 块的状态
LEASE STATUS：已锁定
LEASE STATE：已租用（其实可以理解为 “不可用”）
等待部署计划执行完毕之后，Blob 块的状态又恢复到 “已解锁，可用”
同时，点击图中的 “Edit” 可以看到由 terraform 管理的各自资源状态信息全部写到了当前 Blob 块中
ok，今天的内容就先到此。重要提醒：大家做完测试后，别忘记执行 terraform destroy (销毁部署计划)
*★,°*:.☆(￣▽￣)/$:*.°★* 。φ(゜▽゜*)♪是
三，结尾
将状态文件进行远端存到Azure Storage Account 中，Blob 中存储的数据会在保存前进行加密处理，并且一旦配置远端存储模式后，状态文件永远不会存储在本地，这样更加方面团队之间的协作。并且远端存储带来的好处是实现了与资源定义模板管理的解耦，可以让 Terraform 状态脱离本地磁盘而存储，提升了资源状态的安全性。
参考资料：Terraform 官方，azurerm 文档
Terraform_Cnbate_Traffic_Manager github：https://github.com/yunqian44/Terraform_Cnbate_Traffic_Manager
作者：Allen
版权：转载请在文章明显位置注明作者及出处。如发现错误，欢迎批评指正。
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