图是否是树 · Graph Valid Tree
[抄题]:
给出 n 个节点,标号分别从 0 到 n - 1 并且给出一个 无向边的列表 (给出每条边的两个顶点), 写一个函数去判断这张`无向`图是否是一棵树。
给出n = 5 并且 edges = [[0, 1], [0, 2], [0, 3], [1, 4]], 返回 true.
给出n = 5 并且 edges = [[0, 1], [1, 2], [2, 3], [1, 3], [1, 4]], 返回 false.
[暴力解法]:
时间分析:
空间分析:
[思维问题]:
[一句话思路]:
树中不能有环,两点+老大哥三角成环。遍历所有边并且缩点,一旦出现公共祖先就退出。
[输入量]:空: 正常情况:特大:特小:程序里处理到的特殊情况:异常情况(不合法不合理的输入):
[画图]:

[一刷]:
- 树的基本性质是: 边= 点数 - 1,若不符合则退出
[二刷]:
[三刷]:
[四刷]:
[五刷]:
[五分钟肉眼debug的结果]:
[总结]:
树中不能有环。
[复杂度]:Time complexity: O(n) Space complexity: O(n)
[英文数据结构或算法,为什么不用别的数据结构或算法]:
两点+老大哥三角成环,union find可以找老大哥。
[关键模板化代码]:
class UnionFind {
HashMap<Integer, Integer> father = new HashMap<>();
UnionFind(int n) {
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
father.put(i,i);
}
}
int compressed_find(int x) {
//find ultimate parent
int parent = x;
while (parent != father.get(parent)) {
parent = father.get(parent);
}
//change 2 ultimate parent
int temp = -1;
int fa = x;
while (fa != father.get(fa)) {
temp = father.get(fa);
father.put(fa,parent);
fa = temp;
}
return parent;
}
void union (int x, int y) {
int fa_x = compressed_find(x);
int fa_y = compressed_find(y);
if (fa_x != fa_y) {
father.put(fa_x,fa_y);
}
}
}
并查集class
[其他解法]:
[Follow Up]:
[LC给出的题目变变变]:
[代码风格] :
public class Solution {
/*
* @param n: An integer
* @param edges: a list of undirected edges
* @return: true if it's a valid tree, or false
*/
//class
class UnionFind {
HashMap<Integer, Integer> father = new HashMap<>();
UnionFind(int n) {
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
father.put(i,i);
}
}
int compressed_find(int x) {
//find ultimate parent
int parent = x;
while (parent != father.get(parent)) {
parent = father.get(parent);
}
//change 2 ultimate parent
int temp = -1;
int fa = x;
while (fa != father.get(fa)) {
temp = father.get(fa);
father.put(fa,parent);
fa = temp;
}
return parent;
}
void union (int x, int y) {
int fa_x = compressed_find(x);
int fa_y = compressed_find(y);
if (fa_x != fa_y) {
father.put(fa_x,fa_y);
}
}
}
public boolean validTree(int n, int[][] edges) {
//corner case is special
if (edges.length != n - 1) {
return false;
}
UnionFind uf = new UnionFind(n);
for (int i = 0; i < edges.length; i++) {
if (uf.compressed_find(edges[i][0]) ==
uf.compressed_find(edges[i][1])) {
return false;
}
uf.union(edges[i][0], edges[i][1]);
}
return true;
}
}
解法2:
323进化而来
添加每一条边 root1 == root0代表有环,不行
count > 1代表分块,不行
class Solution {
public boolean validTree(int n, int[][] edges) {
//use union find
//ini
int count = n;
int[] roots = new int[n];
//cc
if (n == 0 || edges == null) return true;
//initialization the roots as themselves
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
roots[i] = i;
//add every edge
for (int[] edge : edges) {
int root0 = find(edge[0], roots);
int root1 = find(edge[1], roots);
if (root0 == root1) return false;
//connect but is not merge
roots[root0] = root1;
count--;
}
//return
return count == 1;
}
public int find(int id, int[] roots) {
while (id != roots[id])
id = roots[roots[id]];
return id;
}
}
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