Spring Cloud 入门教程(一): 服务注册

1.  什么是Spring Cloud？

Spring提供了一系列工具，可以帮助开发人员迅速搭建分布式系统中的公共组件（比如：配置管理，服务发现，断路器，智能路由，微代理，控制总线，一次性令牌，全局锁，主节点选举， 分布式session, 集群状态）。协调分布式环境中各个系统，为各类服务提供模板性配置。使用Spring Cloud, 开发人员可以搭建实现了这些样板的应用，并且在任何分布式环境下都能工作得非常好，小到笔记本电脑， 大到数据中心和云平台。

Spring Cloud官网的定义比较抽象，我们可以从简单的东西开始。Spring Cloud是基于Spring Boot的， 最适合用于管理Spring Boot创建的各个微服务应用。要管理分布式环境下的各个Spring Boot微服务，必然存在服务的注册问题。所以我们先从服务的注册谈起。既然是注册，必然有个管理注册中心的服务器，各个在Spring Cloud管理下的Spring Boot应用就是需要注册的client

Spring Cloud使用erureka server,  然后所有需要访问配置文件的应用都作为一个erureka client注册上去。eureka是一个高可用的组件，它没有后端缓存，每一个实例注册之后需要向注册中心发送心跳，在默认情况下erureka server也是一个eureka client ,必须要指定一个 server。

2.  创建Eureka Server

1）.创建一个Maven工程helloworld.eureka.server， pom.xml内容如下：

 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
     xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
   <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
   <groupId>com.chry</groupId>
   <artifactId>springcloud.helloworld.eureka.server</artifactId>
   <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
   <packaging>jar</packaging>
   <name>springcloud.helloworld.Eureka.server</name>
   <description>Demo Spring Eureka Server</description>

     <parent>
         <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
         <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
         <version>1.5.3.RELEASE</version>
         <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
     </parent>

     <properties>
         <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
         <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
         <java.version>1.8</java.version>
     </properties>

     <dependencies>
         <!--eureka server -->
         <dependency>
             <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
             <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
         </dependency>
         <dependency>
             <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
             <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka-server</artifactId>
         </dependency>
         <dependency>
             <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
             <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-config</artifactId>
         </dependency>
         <!-- spring boot test-->
         <dependency>
             <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
             <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
             <scope>test</scope>
         </dependency>
     </dependencies>

     <dependencyManagement>
         <dependencies>
             <dependency>
                 <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                 <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                 <version>Dalston.RC1</version>
                 <type>pom</type>
                 <scope>import</scope>
             </dependency>
         </dependencies>
     </dependencyManagement>

     <build>
         <plugins>
             <plugin>
                 <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                 <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
             </plugin>
         </plugins>
     </build>

     <repositories>
         <repository>
             <id>spring-milestones</id>
             <name>Spring Milestones</name>
             <url>https://repo.spring.io/milestone</url>
             <snapshots>
                 <enabled>false</enabled>
             </snapshots>
         </repository>
     </repositories>

 </project>

pom.xml

2）. 用Spring Boot创建一个服务类EurekaServerApplication，需要一个注解@EnableEurekaServer加在springboot工程的启动类上

 package springcloud.helloworld.eureka.server;

 import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
 import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
 import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.server.EnableEurekaServer;

 @EnableEurekaServer
 @SpringBootApplication
 public class EurekaServerApplication {

     public static void main(String[] args) {
         SpringApplication.run(EurekaServerApplication.class, args);
     }
 }

3).eureka server的配置文件application.yml，其中registerWithEureka：false和fetchRegistry：false表明自己是一个eureka server

 server:
    port: 8761

 eureka:
    instance:
        hostname: localhost
    client:
        registerWithEureka: false
        fetchRegistry: false
        serviceUrl:
            defaultZone: http://${eureka.instance.hostname}:${server.port}/eureka/

4) eureka server的工程结构如下

5）启动eureka server，然后访问http://localhost:8761, 界面如下， "No instances available" 表示无client注册

3.  创建Eureka Client

1). 创建一个Maven工程helloworld.eureka.client， pom.xml内容如下：

 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
     <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
     <groupId>com.chry</groupId>
     <artifactId>springcloud.helloworld.eureka.client</artifactId>
     <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
     <name>springcloud.helloworld.eureka.client</name>
     <packaging>jar</packaging>
     <description>Demo Spring Boot Client</description>

     <parent>
         <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
         <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
         <version>1.5.3.RELEASE</version>
         <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
     </parent>

     <properties>
         <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
         <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
         <java.version>1.8</java.version>
     </properties>

     <dependencies>
         <dependency>
             <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
             <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
         </dependency>
         <dependency>
             <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
             <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
         </dependency>

         <dependency>
             <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
             <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
             <scope>test</scope>
         </dependency>
     </dependencies>

     <dependencyManagement>
         <dependencies>
             <dependency>
                 <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                 <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                 <version>Dalston.RC1</version>
                 <type>pom</type>
                 <scope>import</scope>
             </dependency>
         </dependencies>
     </dependencyManagement>

     <build>
         <plugins>
             <plugin>
                 <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                 <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
             </plugin>
         </plugins>
     </build>

     <repositories>
         <repository>
             <id>spring-milestones</id>
             <name>Spring Milestones</name>
             <url>https://repo.spring.io/milestone</url>
             <snapshots>
                 <enabled>false</enabled>
             </snapshots>
         </repository>
     </repositories>

 </project>

pom.xml

2).  创建主类EurekaClientApplication

使用@EnableEurekaClient注解表明是client

 package springcloud.helloworld.eureka.client;

 import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
 import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
 import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
 import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;
 import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
 import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
 import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

 @SpringBootApplication
 @EnableEurekaClient
 @RestController

 public class EurekaClientApplication {

     public static void main(String[] args) {
         SpringApplication.run(EurekaClientApplication.class, args);
     }

     @Value("${server.port}")
     String port;
     @RequestMapping("/")
     public String home() {
         return "hello world from port " + port;     }

 }

3) eureka client的配置文件appication.yml

 eureka:
     client:
         serviceUrl:
             defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/
 server:
     port: 8762
 spring:
     application:
         name: service-helloworld

4). Client启动后， 可以访问http://localhost:8762

5). 再次访问服务器端口, 可以看到Service Helloworld已经自动注册到之前的server中

 

下一篇： Spring Cloud 入门教程(二)： 配置管理

• 参考资料：
  • Spring Cloud 官网
  • 博客： http://blog.csdn.net/forezp/article/details/70148833