pyquery和我们之前用的jQuery有着异曲同工之处，使用起来更加方便，基本能满足大部分时候我们的需求。

　　先引入一个小事例展示pyquery的操作：

html = '''

<div>

    <ul>

         <li class="item-0">first item</li>

         <li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>

         <li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>

         <li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>

         <li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>

     </ul>

 </div>

'''

#引入pyquery

from pyquery import PyQuery as pq

#对html进行解析

doc = pq(html)

#选择出li的标签

print(doc('li'))
#所以li标签都被抽取出来

<li class="item-0">first item</li>

         <li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>

         <li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>

         <li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>

         <li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>

　　pyquery可以直接解析url

from pyquery import PyQuery as pq

doc = pq(url='http://www.baidu.com')

print(doc('head'))
<head><meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html;charset=utf-8"/><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"/><meta content="always" name="referrer"/><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="http://s1.bdstatic.com/r/www/cache/bdorz/baidu.min.css"/><title>ç™¾åº¦ä¸€ä¸‹ï¼Œä½ å°±çŸ¥é“</title></head>

　　也可以是文件格式的html

from pyquery import PyQuery as pq

doc = pq(filename='demo.html')

print(doc('li'))

　　pyquery支持css基本选择器的使用，这点和bs4一样：

html = '''

<div id="container">

    <ul class="list">

         <li class="item-0">first item</li>

         <li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>

         <li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>

         <li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>

         <li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>

     </ul>

 </div>

'''

from pyquery import PyQuery as pq

doc = pq(html)

print(doc('#container .list li'))
<li class="item-0">first item</li>

         <li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>

         <li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>

         <li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>

         <li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>

　　可以对解析出来的pyquery对象再次解析出子元素

html = '''

<div id="container">

    <ul class="list">

         <li class="item-0">first item</li>

         <li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>

         <li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>

         <li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>

         <li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>

     </ul>

 </div>

'''

from pyquery import PyQuery as pq

doc = pq(html)

items = doc('.list')

print(type(items))类型都是pyquery的obj

print(items)

lis = items.find('li')#查找子元素

print(type(lis))

print(lis)
<class 'pyquery.pyquery.PyQuery'>

<ul class="list">

         <li class="item-0">first item</li>

         <li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>

         <li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>

         <li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>

         <li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>

     </ul>

<class 'pyquery.pyquery.PyQuery'>

<li class="item-0">first item</li>

         <li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>

         <li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>

         <li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>

         <li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>

find的结果

　　或者使用children方法获取所有子元素

lis = items.children()

print(type(lis))

print(lis)
<class 'pyquery.pyquery.PyQuery'>

<li class="item-0">first item</li>

         <li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>

         <li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>

         <li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>

         <li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>

children方法

　　也可以使用children方法获取指定的子元素

lis = items.children('.active')

print(lis)
<li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>

         <li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>

获取到指定的子元素

　　pyquery使用parent获取父元素

html = '''

<div id="container">

    <ul class="list">

         <li class="item-0">first item</li>

         <li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>

         <li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>

         <li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>

         <li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>

     </ul>

 </div>

'''

from pyquery import PyQuery as pq

doc = pq(html)

items = doc('.list')

container = items.parent()

print(type(container))

print(container)
<class 'pyquery.pyquery.PyQuery'>

<div id="container">

    <ul class="list">

         <li class="item-0">first item</li>

         <li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>

         <li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>

         <li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>

         <li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>

     </ul>

 </div>

运行结果

　　同样的获取所有的父节点则使用parents方法

html = '''

<div class="wrap">

    <div id="container">

        <ul class="list">

             <li class="item-0">first item</li>

             <li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>

             <li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>

             <li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>

             <li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>

         </ul>

     </div>

 </div>

'''

from pyquery import PyQuery as pq

doc = pq(html)

items = doc('.list')

parents = items.parents()

print(type(parents))

print(parents)
<class 'pyquery.pyquery.PyQuery'>

<div class="wrap">

    <div id="container">

        <ul class="list">

             <li class="item-0">first item</li>

             <li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>

             <li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>

             <li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>

             <li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>

         </ul>

     </div>

 </div><div id="container">

        <ul class="list">

             <li class="item-0">first item</li>

             <li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>

             <li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>

             <li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>

             <li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>

         </ul>

     </div>

运行结果

　　获取到指定的父节点

parent = items.parents('.wrap')

print(parent)
<div class="wrap">

    <div id="container">

        <ul class="list">

             <li class="item-0">first item</li>

             <li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>

             <li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>

             <li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>

             <li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>

         </ul>

     </div>

 </div>

运行结果

　　使用siblings获取所有的兄弟元素

html = '''

<div class="wrap">

    <div id="container">

        <ul class="list">

             <li class="item-0">first item</li>

             <li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>

             <li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>

             <li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>

             <li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>

         </ul>

     </div>

 </div>

'''

from pyquery import PyQuery as pq

doc = pq(html)

li = doc('.list .item-0.active')

print(li.siblings())
<li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>

             <li class="item-0">first item</li>

             <li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>

             <li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>

运行结果

　　同样可以获取指定的兄弟节点

html = '''

<div class="wrap">

    <div id="container">

        <ul class="list">

             <li class="item-0">first item</li>

             <li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>

             <li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>

             <li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>

             <li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>

         </ul>

     </div>

 </div>

'''

from pyquery import PyQuery as pq

doc = pq(html)

li = doc('.list .item-0.active')

print(li.siblings('.active'))
<li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>

运行结果

　　多个选择器得到某一个标签

html = '''

<div class="wrap">

    <div id="container">

        <ul class="list">

             <li class="item-0">first item</li>

             <li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>

             <li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>

             <li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>

             <li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>

         </ul>

     </div>

 </div>

'''

from pyquery import PyQuery as pq

doc = pq(html)

#加空格就是自带选择器，不加就是and关系

li = doc('.item-0.active')

print(li)
<li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>

　　迭代选择出的所有标签

html = '''

<div class="wrap">

    <div id="container">

        <ul class="list">

             <li class="item-0">first item</li>

             <li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>

             <li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>

             <li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>

             <li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>

         </ul>

     </div>

 </div>

'''

from pyquery import PyQuery as pq

doc = pq(html)

lis = doc('li').items()#这是一个迭代器

print(type(lis))

for li in lis:

    print(li)
<class 'generator'>

<li class="item-0">first item</li>

<li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>

<li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>

<li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>

<li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>

运行结果

　　选择到需要的标签往往不够，我们时常需要从标签中获取到属性。

html = '''

<div class="wrap">

    <div id="container">

        <ul class="list">

             <li class="item-0">first item</li>

             <li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>

             <li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>

             <li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>

             <li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>

         </ul>

     </div>

 </div>

'''

from pyquery import PyQuery as pq

doc = pq(html)

a = doc('.item-0.active a')

print(a)#一个标签

print(a.attr('href'))#两种获取属性的方法

print(a.attr.href)
<a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a>

link3.html

link3.html

运行结果

　　获取文本

html = '''

<div class="wrap">

    <div id="container">

        <ul class="list">

             <li class="item-0">first item</li>

             <li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>

             <li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>

             <li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>

             <li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>

         </ul>

     </div>

 </div>

'''

from pyquery import PyQuery as pq

doc = pq(html)

a = doc('.item-0.active a')

print(a)

print(a.text())
<a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a>

third item

运行结果

　　获取元素内的html

html = '''

<div class="wrap">

    <div id="container">

        <ul class="list">

             <li class="item-0">first item</li>

             <li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>

             <li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>

             <li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>

             <li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>

         </ul>

     </div>

 </div>

'''

from pyquery import PyQuery as pq

doc = pq(html)

li = doc('.item-0.active')

print(li)

print(li.html())
<li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>

<a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a>

运行结果

　　pyquery进行dom操作

html = '''

<div class="wrap">

    <div id="container">

        <ul class="list">

             <li class="item-0">first item</li>

             <li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>

             <li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>

             <li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>

             <li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>

         </ul>

     </div>

 </div>

'''

from pyquery import PyQuery as pq

doc = pq(html)

li = doc('.item-0.active')

print(li)

#移除某个类名

li.removeClass('active')

print(li)

#增加某个类名

li.addClass('active')

print(li)
<li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>

<li class="item-0"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>

<li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>

运行结果

　　增加属性的两种方式

html = '''

<div class="wrap">

    <div id="container">

        <ul class="list">

             <li class="item-0">first item</li>

             <li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>

             <li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>

             <li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>

             <li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>

         </ul>

     </div>

 </div>

'''

from pyquery import PyQuery as pq

doc = pq(html)

li = doc('.item-0.active')

print(li)

li.attr('name', 'link')

print(li)

li.css('font-size', '14px')

print(li)
<li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>

<li class="item-0 active" name="link"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>

<li class="item-0 active" name="link" style="font-size: 14px"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>

运行结果

　　使用remove移除整个标签

html = '''

<div class="wrap">

    Hello, World

    <p>This is a paragraph.</p>

 </div>

'''

from pyquery import PyQuery as pq

doc = pq(html)

wrap = doc('.wrap')

print(wrap.text())

wrap.find('p').remove()

print(wrap.text())
Hello, World

This is a paragraph.

Hello, World

运行结果

　　最后就是伪类选择器

html = '''

<div class="wrap">

    <div id="container">

        <ul class="list">

             <li class="item-0">first item</li>

             <li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>

             <li class="item-0 active"><a href="link3.html"><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>

             <li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>

             <li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>

         </ul>

     </div>

 </div>

'''

from pyquery import PyQuery as pq

doc = pq(html)

li = doc('li:first-child')

print(li)

li = doc('li:last-child')

print(li)

li = doc('li:nth-child(2)')

print(li)

li = doc('li:gt(2)')

print(li)

li = doc('li:nth-child(2n)')

print(li)

li = doc('li:contains(second)')

print(li)
<li class="item-0">first item</li>

<li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>

<li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>

<li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>

             <li class="item-0"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>

<li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>

             <li class="item-1 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>

<li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>

运行结果

　　以上就是常用的pyquery的操作，更多pyquery操作可以查看官方文档，pyquery: a jquery-like library for python。

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