Given a binary tree, find the maximum path sum.

The path may start and end at any node in the tree.

For example:
Given the below binary tree,

       1
/ \
2 3

Return 6.

题目意思很简单,就是给定一棵二叉树,求最大路径和。path 可以从任意 node 开始,到任意 node 结束。

这道题在 LeetCode 上的通过率只有 20% 多一点,并被标记为 Hard ,但实际上这是一道相当好的问题,在北美的 CS 求职面试中也是一道高频题,下文我将尝试用最容易理解的方式去分析这道题目。

我的思路

1. 我们直接从题目的问题来分析。给定一棵二叉树,我们怎么来求其最大路径和呢?稍做思考,不难得到以下结论:

当前二叉树的双路

最大路径和 = max(左子树的双路最大路径和, 右子树的双路最大路径和, 当前二叉树在包含根结点情况下的双路最大路径和);

2. 很显然,要解决上面的问题,关键在于怎么求二叉树在包含根结点情况下的双路最大路径和,而要求二叉树在包含根结点情况下的双路最大路径和,首先得先求二叉树的单路最大路径和,请看以下分析:

当前二叉树的单路

最大路径和 = max(左子树的单路最大路径和 + 根结点值, 右子树的单路最大路径和 + 根结点值, 根结点值);

当前二叉树在包含根结点情况下的双路

最大路径和 = 左子树的单路最大路径和 + 根结点值 + 右子树的单路最大路径和;

3. 通过 1 和 2,我们很容易发现,该题可以采用分治法来解决,实际上,与二叉树有关的绝大多数问题,我们都可以采用分治的思想。通常,分治法避免使用全局变量,因此我将会封装一个 returnType 类型,来作为返回值,如下:

struct returnType
{
returnType(const int maxSinglePathSum, const int maxDoublePathSum)
: maxSinglePathSum_(maxBranch), maxDoublePathSum_(maxSum)
{ } int maxSinglePathSum_;
int maxDoublePathSum_;
};

4. 可以 AC 的完整源代码如下:

/**
* Definition for binary tree
* struct TreeNode {
* int val;
* TreeNode *left;
* TreeNode *right;
* TreeNode(int x) : val(x), left(NULL), right(NULL) {}
* };
*/ struct returnType
{
returnType(const int maxSinglePathSum, const int maxDoublePathSum)
: maxSinglePathSum_(maxSinglePathSum), maxDoublePathSum_(maxDoublePathSum)
{ } int maxSinglePathSum_;
int maxDoublePathSum_;
}; class Solution
{
public:
    int maxPathSum(TreeNode *root)
{
return maxPathRec(root).maxDoublePathSum_;
} returnType maxPathRec(TreeNode *root)
{
if (root == NULL)
{
return returnType(0, numeric_limits<int>::min());
} // Devide
returnType left = maxPathRec(root->left);
returnType right = maxPathRec(root->right); // Conquer
int subMaxSinglePathSum = max(left.maxSinglePathSum_, right.maxSinglePathSum_);
int maxSinglePathSum = root->val;
maxSinglePathSum = max(subMaxSinglePathSum + maxSinglePathSum, maxSinglePathSum); int subMaxDoublePathSum = max(left.maxDoublePathSum_, right.maxDoublePathSum_);
int maxDoublePathSum = max(maxSinglePathSum, left.maxSinglePathSum_ + root->val + right.maxSinglePathSum_);
maxDoublePathSum = max(subMaxDoublePathSum, maxDoublePathSum); return returnType(maxSinglePathSum, maxDoublePathSum);
}
};

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