CentOS 7 Cobbler 自动化安装系统
在上一篇Cobbler 安装中，配置好了Cobbler，下面来配置自动化安装
配置cobbler-DHCP
# 修改settings中参数，由cobbler控制dhcp
[root@cobbler ~]# egrep '^manage_dhcp' /etc/cobbler/settings
manage_dhcp: 1
修改dhcp.templates配置文件（仅列出修改部分）
[root@cobbler ~]# vim /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template
subnet 10.0.0.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
option routers 10.0.0.2;
option domain-name-servers 114.114.114.114;
option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;
range dynamic-bootp 10.0.0.100 10.0.0.254;
重启服务并同步配置
改完dhcp必须要sync同步配置
[root@cobbler ~]# systemctl restart cobblerd
[root@cobbler ~]# cobbler sync
task started: 2018-09-27_161333_sync
task started (id=Sync, time=Thu Sep 27 16:13:33 2018)
running pre-sync triggers
cleaning trees
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/images
copying bootloaders
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/pxelinux.0 -> /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.0
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/menu.c32 -> /var/lib/tftpboot/menu.c32
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/yaboot -> /var/lib/tftpboot/yaboot
trying hardlink /usr/share/syslinux/memdisk -> /var/lib/tftpboot/memdisk
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86.efi -> /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86.efi
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86_64.efi -> /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86_64.efi
copying distros to tftpboot
copying images
generating PXE configuration files
generating PXE menu structure
rendering DHCP files
generating /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
rendering TFTPD files
generating /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
cleaning link caches
running post-sync triggers
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.sync_post_restart_services
running: dhcpd -t -q
received on stdout:
received on stderr:
running: service dhcpd restart
received on stdout:
received on stderr: Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart dhcpd.service
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.scm_track
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
*** TASK COMPLETE ***
检查dhcp
[root@cobbler ~]# netstat -lntup | grep dhcp
udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:67 0.0.0.0:* 1733/dhcpd
导入CentOs-7的镜像
# 挂载光盘镜像
[root@cobbler ~]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt
mount: /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only
[root@cobbler ~]# cobbler import --path=/mnt --name=Centos-7.5 --arch=x86_64
task started: 2018-09-27_161633_import
task started (id=Media import, time=Thu Sep 27 16:16:33 2018)
Found a candidate signature: breed=redhat, version=rhel6
Found a candidate signature: breed=redhat, version=rhel7
Found a matching signature: breed=redhat, version=rhel7
Adding distros from path /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/Centos-7.5-x86_64:
creating new distro: Centos-7.5-x86_64
trying symlink: /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/Centos-7.5-x86_64 -> /var/www/cobbler/links/Centos-7.5-x86_64
creating new profile: Centos-7.5-x86_64
associating repos
checking for rsync repo(s)
checking for rhn repo(s)
checking for yum repo(s)
starting descent into /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/Centos-7.5-x86_64 for Centos-7.5-x86_64
processing repo at : /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/Centos-7.5-x86_64
need to process repo/comps: /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/Centos-7.5-x86_64
looking for /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/Centos-7.5-x86_64/repodata/*comps*.xml
Keeping repodata as-is :/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/Centos-7.5-x86_64/repodata
*** TASK COMPLETE ***
# --path 镜像路径
# --name 为安装源定义一个名字
# --arch 指定安装源是32位、64位、ia64, 目前支持的选项有: x86│x86_64│ia64
# 安装源的唯一标示就是根据name参数来定义，本例导入成功后，安装源的唯一标示就是：CentOS-7.1-x86_64，如果重复，系统会提示导入失败
查看
[root@cobbler ~]# cobbler list
distros:
Centos-7.5-x86_64
profiles:
Centos-7.5-x86_64
systems:
repos:
images:
mgmtclasses:
packages:
files:
导入kickstarts配置文件
[root@cobbler ~]# cd /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts
[root@cobbler kickstarts]# ls
default.ks esxi5-ks.cfg legacy.ks sample_autoyast.xml sample_esx4.ks sample_esxi5.ks sample.ks sample.seed
esxi4-ks.cfg install_profiles pxerescue.ks sample_end.ks sample_esxi4.ks sample_esxi6.ks sample_old.seed
查看导入信息及默认ks文件
[root@cobbler kickstarts]# cobbler report
distros:
==========
Name : Centos-7.5-x86_64
Architecture : x86_64
TFTP Boot Files : {}
Breed : redhat
Comment :
Fetchable Files : {}
Initrd : /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/Centos-7.5-x86_64/images/pxeboot/initrd.img
Kernel : /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/Centos-7.5-x86_64/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz
Kernel Options : {}
Kernel Options (Post Install) : {}
Kickstart Metadata : {'tree': 'http://@@http_server@@/cblr/links/Centos-7.5-x86_64'}
Management Classes : []
OS Version : rhel7
Owners : ['admin']
Red Hat Management Key : <<inherit>>
Red Hat Management Server : <<inherit>>
Template Files : {}
profiles:
==========
Name : Centos-7.5-x86_64
TFTP Boot Files : {}
Comment :
DHCP Tag : default
Distribution : Centos-7.5-x86_64
Enable gPXE? : 0
Enable PXE Menu? : 1
Fetchable Files : {}
Kernel Options : {}
Kernel Options (Post Install) : {}
Kickstart : /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/sample_end.ks
Kickstart Metadata : {}
Management Classes : []
Management Parameters : <<inherit>>
Name Servers : []
Name Servers Search Path : []
Owners : ['admin']
Parent Profile :
Internal proxy :
Red Hat Management Key : <<inherit>>
Red Hat Management Server : <<inherit>>
Repos : []
Server Override : <<inherit>>
Template Files : {}
Virt Auto Boot : 1
Virt Bridge : xenbr0
Virt CPUs : 1
Virt Disk Driver Type : raw
Virt File Size(GB) : 5
Virt Path :
Virt RAM (MB) : 512
Virt Type : kvm
systems:
==========
repos:
==========
images:
==========
mgmtclasses:
==========
packages:
==========
files:
==========
我ks文件（只是简单配置的，具体可以按自己业务来）
[root@cobbler kickstarts]# cat Centos7.5-x86_64.cfg
#platform=x86, AMD64, or Intel EM64T
#version=DEVEL
# Install OS instead of upgrade
install
# Keyboard layouts
keyboard 'us'
# Root password
rootpw --iscrypted $1$m1pE0DG6$vALBphGGynqvUzfJaWZ6U1
# Use network installation
url --url="$tree"
# System language
lang en_US
# Firewall configuration
firewall --disabled
# System authorization information
auth --useshadow --passalgo=sha512
# Use graphical install
graphical
firstboot --disable
# SELinux configuration
selinux --disabled
# Network information
network --bootproto=dhcp --device=eth0
network --bootproto=dhcp --device=eth1
# Reboot after installation
reboot
# System timezone
timezone Asia/Shanghai
# System bootloader configuration
bootloader --location=mbr
# Clear the Master Boot Record
zerombr
# Partition clearing information
clearpart --all --initlabel
# Disk partitioning information
part /boot --asprimary --fstype="ext4" --size=200
part swap --fstype="swap" --size=1024
part / --fstype="ext4" --grow --size=1
%packages
@base
@core
@compat-libraries
@debugging
@development
@gnome-desktop
@X Window System
%end
检查ks命令
# 写完 ks 文件之后，先通过 validateks 测试一下有没有语法错误
# cobbler validateks
# 通过下面这个命令查看 ks 文件，发现一些逻辑上的问题
# cobbler system getks --name=test
编辑修改指定ks文件为我们刚刚上传的ks
[root@cobbler kickstarts]# cobbler profile edit --name Centos-7.5-x86_64 --kickstart=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/Centos7.5-x86_64.cfg
# 编辑profile，修改ks文件为我们刚刚上传的Centos7.2-x86_64.cfg
[root@cobbler kickstarts]# cobbler profile edit --name Centos-7.5-x86_64 --kopts='net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0'
# 修改安装系统的内核参数，在CentOS7系统有一个地方变了，就是网卡名变成eno16777736这种形式，但是为了运维标准化，我们需要将它变成我们常用的eth0，因此使用上面的参数。但要注意是CentOS7才需要上面的步骤，CentOS6不需要。
[root@cobbler kickstarts]# cobbler profile report
Name : Centos-7.5-x86_64
TFTP Boot Files : {}
Comment :
DHCP Tag : default
Distribution : Centos-7.5-x86_64
Enable gPXE? : 0
Enable PXE Menu? : 1
Fetchable Files : {}
Kernel Options : {'biosdevname': '0', 'net.ifnames': '0'}
Kernel Options (Post Install) : {}
Kickstart : /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/Centos7.5-x86_64.cfg
Kickstart Metadata : {}
Management Classes : []
Management Parameters : <<inherit>>
Name Servers : []
Name Servers Search Path : []
Owners : ['admin']
Parent Profile :
Internal proxy :
Red Hat Management Key : <<inherit>>
Red Hat Management Server : <<inherit>>
Repos : []
Server Override : <<inherit>>
Template Files : {}
Virt Auto Boot : 1
Virt Bridge : xenbr0
Virt CPUs : 1
Virt Disk Driver Type : raw
Virt File Size(GB) : 5
Virt Path :
Virt RAM (MB) : 512
Virt Type : kvm
同步cobbler
[root@cobbler kickstarts]# cobbler sync
task started: 2018-09-27_162820_sync
task started (id=Sync, time=Thu Sep 27 16:28:20 2018)
running pre-sync triggers
cleaning trees
removing: /var/www/cobbler/images/Centos-7.5-x86_64
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/images
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86.efi
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86_64.efi
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/efidefault
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/images/Centos-7.5-x86_64
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/s390x/profile_list
copying bootloaders
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86.efi -> /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86.efi
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86_64.efi -> /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86_64.efi
copying distros to tftpboot
copying files for distro: Centos-7.5-x86_64
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/Centos-7.5-x86_64/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz -> /var/lib/tftpboot/images/Centos-7.5-x86_64/vmlinuz
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/Centos-7.5-x86_64/images/pxeboot/initrd.img -> /var/lib/tftpboot/images/Centos-7.5-x86_64/initrd.img
copying images
generating PXE configuration files
generating PXE menu structure
copying files for distro: Centos-7.5-x86_64
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/Centos-7.5-x86_64/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz -> /var/www/cobbler/images/Centos-7.5-x86_64/vmlinuz
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/Centos-7.5-x86_64/images/pxeboot/initrd.img -> /var/www/cobbler/images/Centos-7.5-x86_64/initrd.img
Writing template files for Centos-7.5-x86_64
rendering DHCP files
generating /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
rendering TFTPD files
generating /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
processing boot_files for distro: Centos-7.5-x86_64
cleaning link caches
running post-sync triggers
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.sync_post_restart_services
running: dhcpd -t -q
received on stdout:
received on stderr:
running: service dhcpd restart
received on stdout:
received on stderr: Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart dhcpd.service
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.scm_track
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
*** TASK COMPLETE ***
新建一个虚拟机测试
为避免发生未知问题，先把服务端所有服务重启
[root@cobbler ~]# systemctl restart xinetd.service
[root@cobbler ~]# systemctl restart cobblerd.service
[root@cobbler ~]# systemctl restart httpd.service
[root@cobbler cobbler]# vim /etc/cobbler/pxe/pxedefault.template
MENU TITLE Cobbler | I'm here # 修改这里为你想修改的内容
[root@cobbler cobbler]# cobbler sync # 同步之后就可以看到效果了
通过MAC地址定制化安装
我们可以根据不同的MAC地址来给安装不同的操作系统，配置不同的静态iP,设置不同的主机名等等，虚拟机查看MAC地址步骤
配置定制化安装（需要验证，后续验证后添加验证结果）
[root@cobbler ~]# cobbler system add \
--name=linux-web01 \
--mac=00:0C:29:3B:03:9B \
--profile=Centos-7.2-x86_64 \
--ip-address=10.0.0.200 \
--subnet=255.255.255.0 \
--gateway=10.0.0.2 \
--interface=eth0 \
--static=1 \
--hostname=linux-web01 \
--name-servers="10.0.0.2" \
--kickstart=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/Centos7.2-x86_64.cfg
| 参数 | 解释 |
|---|---|
| system add | 添加定制系统 |
| name | 定制系统名称 |
| mac | mac地址 |
| profile | 指定profile |
| ip-address | 指定IP地址 |
| subnet | 指定子网掩码 |
| gateway | 指定网关 |
| interface | 指定网卡，eth0上面配置已经修改，centos7默认网卡名称不是eth0 |
| static | 1表示启用静态IP |
| hostname | 定义hostname |
| name-server | dns服务器 |
| kickstart | 指定ks文件 |
配置成功后我们可以查看到刚才定制的系统
[root@cobbler ~]# cobbler system list
linux-web01
接下来我们创建一个虚拟机，mac地址为00:0C:29:3B:03:9B，启动后你就会发现自动进入安装系统了，等安装完以后，所有的配置都和我们当初设置的一样。
使用koan实现重新安装系统
在客户端安装koan（要配置好源）
[root@cobbler ~]# rpm -ivh http://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/7/x86_64/e/epel-release-7-10.noarch.rpm
[root@cobbler ~]# yum install koan
查看cobbler上的配置文件
[root@cobbler ~]# koan --server=10.0.0.101 --list=profiles
-looking for Cobbler at http://10.0.0.101:80/cobbler_api Centos-7.2-x86_64
重新安装客户端系统
[root@cobbler ~]# koan --replace-self --server=10.0.0.101 --profile=webserver1
重启系统后会自动重装系统
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