最小环(floyd以及dijkstra实现+例题）

##最小环定义
最小环是指在一个图中，有n个节点构成的边权和最小的环(n>=3)。
一般来说,最小环分为有向图最小环和无向图最小环。
##最小环算法：
###直接暴力：
设$u$和$v$之间有一条边长为$w$的边,$dis(u,v)$表示删除$u$和$v$之间的连边之后,$u$和$v$之间的最短路。那么最小环是$dis(u,v)+w$总时间复杂度$O(n^2m)$。
###Dijkstra
任意一个环，假设连接$u$和$v$，我们都可以看做删除$u$与$v$的直接连边之后的$u$到$v$的最短路再加上该边，若边数为$m$，那么找出最小环要跑$m$次Dijkstra，复杂度为$O(n(n+m)log)$
###Floyd
记原图$u$,$v$之间边权为$mp(u,v)$,floyd算法在外层循环到第k个点时(还没开始第k次循环),最短路数组$g$中，$g(u,v)$表示的是从$u$到$v$且仅经过编号$[1,k)$区间中的点的最短路。
最小环至少有三个顶点，设其中编号最大的顶点编号为$w$，环上与$w$相邻两侧的两个点为$u$,\(v\),则在最外层循环枚举到$k=w$时，该环的长度为$g(u,v)+mp(v,w)+mp(w,u)$，所以在循环时候$i$,$j$只需枚举到$i<k$,\(j<k\)，更新答案即可
复杂度：\(O(n^3)\)
##下面是实现参考:

  for (int k = 1; k <= n; k++)
        {
            for (int i = 1; i < k; i++)
                for (int j = i + 1; j < k; j++)
                    ans = min(ans, g[i][j] + mp[i][k] + mp[k][j]);
            for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
                for (int j = 1; j <= n; j++)
                    g[i][j] = min(g[i][j], g[i][k] + g[k][j]);
        }

##例题 HDU 1599
此处输入链接的描述
裸题= =，没啥东西,就去个重

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
/*    freopen("k.in", "r", stdin);
    freopen("k.out", "w", stdout); */
//clock_t c1 = clock();
//std::cerr << "Time:" << clock() - c1 <<"ms" << std::endl;
//#pragma comment(linker, "/STACK:1024000000,1024000000")
#define de(a) cout << #a << " = " << a << endl
#define rep(i, a, n) for (int i = a; i <= n; i++)
#define per(i, a, n) for (int i = n; i >= a; i--)
typedef long long ll;
typedef unsigned long long ull;
typedef pair<int, int> PII;
typedef pair<double, double> PDD;
typedef vector<int, int> VII;
#define inf 0x3f3f3f3f
const ll INF = 0x3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f;
const ll MAXN = 1e2 + 7;
const ll MAXM = 1e6 + 7;
const ll MOD = 1e9 + 7;
const double eps = 1e-6;
const double pi = acos(-1.0);
ll g[MAXN][MAXN];
ll mp[MAXN][MAXN]; //原图
int n, m;
void init()
{
    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
        for (int j = 1; j <= n; j++)
            mp[i][j] = i == j ? 0 : inf;
}
int main()
{
    while (~scanf("%d%d", &n, &m))
    {
        init();
        memset(g, inf, sizeof(g));
        for (int i = 0; i < m; i++)
        {
            int u, v;
            ll val;
            scanf("%d%d%lld", &u, &v, &val);
            if (val < mp[u][v])
                mp[v][u] = mp[u][v] = val;
        }
        for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
            for (int j = 1; j <= n; j++)
                g[i][j] = mp[i][j];
        ll ans = inf;
        for (int k = 1; k <= n; k++)
        {
            for (int i = 1; i < k; i++)
                for (int j = i + 1; j < k; j++)
                    ans = min(ans, g[i][j] + mp[i][k] + mp[k][j]);
            for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
                for (int j = 1; j <= n; j++)
                    g[i][j] = min(g[i][j], g[i][k] + g[k][j]);
        }
        if (ans == inf)
            printf("It's impossible.\n");
        else
            printf("%d\n", ans);
    }
    return 0;
}

参考oiwiki
##dijkstra版拓展题 HDU-6005 Pandaland
HDU6005
###解题思路：
也是最小环（当然啦啊喂），不过点是坐标的形式，需要转换为序号，之后记录跑的起点和终点，dijkstra中不跑这条边即可，可以稍微剪剪枝（超重要诶），如果dijkstra中当前最短边和直连边权值之和大于ans,直接break,会快很多（迫真）,这题没重边，所以不用去

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
/*    freopen("k.in", "r", stdin);
    freopen("k.out", "w", stdout); */
//clock_t c1 = clock();
//std::cerr << "Time:" << clock() - c1 <<"ms" << std::endl;
//#pragma comment(linker, "/STACK:1024000000,1024000000")
#define de(a) cout << #a << " = " << a << endl
#define rep(i, a, n) for (int i = a; i <= n; i++)
#define per(i, a, n) for (int i = n; i >= a; i--)
typedef long long ll;
typedef unsigned long long ull;
typedef pair<int, int> PII;
typedef pair<double, double> PDD;
typedef vector<int, int> VII;
#define inf 0x3f3f3f3f
const ll INF = 0x3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f;
const ll MAXN = 8e3 + 7;
const ll MAXM = 1e6 + 7;
const ll MOD = 1e9 + 7;
const double eps = 1e-6;
const double pi = acos(-1.0);
struct node
{
    int v, c;
    node(int a = 0, int b = 0) { v = a, c = b; }
    bool operator<(const node &a) const
    {
        if (c == a.c)
            return v < a.v;
        else
            return c > a.c;
    }
};
struct Edge
{
    int v, cost;
    Edge(int _v = 0, int _cost = 0) { v = _v, cost = _cost; }
};
struct EE
{
    int u, v, w;
    EE(int _u = 0, int _v = 0, int _w = 0) { u = _u, v = _v, w = _w; }
} E[MAXN];
vector<Edge> G[MAXN];
bool vis[MAXN];
int dist[MAXN];
//点的编号从1开始
int ans;
void Dijkstra(int n, int start, int ed, int val)
{
    memset(vis, false, sizeof(vis));
    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
        dist[i] = inf;
    priority_queue<node> que;
    while (!que.empty())
        que.pop();
    dist[start] = 0;
    que.push(node(start, 0));
    node temp;
    while (!que.empty())
    {
        temp = que.top();
        que.pop();
        int u = temp.v;
        if (temp.c + val > ans)
            break; //该点最短距离+start与ed的直连边长大于ans,说明不是最小环,直接break
        if (vis[u])
            continue;
        vis[u] = true;
        for (int i = 0; i < G[u].size(); i++)
        {
            int v = G[u][i].v;
            int cost = G[u][i].cost;
            if ((u == start && v == ed) || (v == ed && u == start)) //不经过start-ed的直达边
                continue;
            if (!vis[v] && dist[v] > dist[u] + cost)
            {
                dist[v] = dist[u] + cost;
                que.push(node(v, dist[v]));
            }
        }
    }
}
void addedge(int u, int v, int w)
{
    G[u].push_back(Edge(v, w));
}
int cnt = 0;
void init(int n)
{
    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
        G[i].clear();
    cnt=0;
}
/* 题目没重边，不然还得去一波重 */
int main()
{
    int t;
    scanf("%d", &t);
    for (int tt = 1; tt <= t; tt++)
    {
        map<PII, int> mp;
        int m;
        scanf("%d", &m);
        init(m << 1);
        for (int i = 0; i < m; i++)
        {
            int x1, y1, x2, y2, w;
            scanf("%d%d%d%d%d", &x1, &y1, &x2, &y2, &w);
            if (!mp[PII(x1, y1)])
                mp[PII(x1, y1)] = ++cnt;
            if (!mp[PII(x2, y2)])
                mp[PII(x2, y2)] = ++cnt;
            int u = mp[PII(x1, y1)], v = mp[PII(x2, y2)];
            addedge(u, v, w);
            addedge(v, u, w);
            E[i] = EE(u, v, w); //存原边
        }
        ans = inf;
        for (int i = 0; i < m; i++)
        {
            if (ans < E[i].w)
                continue;
            Dijkstra(cnt, E[i].u, E[i].v, E[i].w);
            ans = min(ans, dist[E[i].v] + E[i].w);
        }
        printf("Case #%d: %d\n", tt, ans == inf ? 0 : ans);
    }
    return 0;
}