python爬虫——用selenium爬取京东商品信息

1.先附上效果图（我偷懒只爬了4页）

 2.京东的网址https://www.jd.com/

3.我这里是不加载图片，加快爬取速度，也可以用Headless无弹窗模式

options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
options.add_experimental_option('prefs', {'profile.managed_default_content_settings.images': 2})
#不加载图片
browser = webdriver.Chrome(options=options)
wait =WebDriverWait(browser,50)#设置等待时间
url = 'https://www.jd.com/'
data_list = []#设置全局变量用来存储数据
keyword="python爬虫"#关键词

4.先找到搜索框并用selenium模拟点击（这里发现京东不需要登录就能看到商品信息）

def search():
    browser.get('https://www.jd.com/')
    try:
        input = wait.until(
            EC.presence_of_all_elements_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR, "#key"))
        )  #等到搜索框加载出来
        submit = wait.until(
            EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.CSS_SELECTOR, "#search > div > div.form > button"))
        )#等到搜索按钮可以被点击
        input[0].send_keys(keyword)#向搜索框内输入关键词
        submit.click()#点击
        total = wait.until(
            EC.presence_of_all_elements_located(
                (By.CSS_SELECTOR, '#J_bottomPage > span.p-skip > em:nth-child(1) > b')
            )
        )#记录一下总页码,等到总页码加载出来
        html = browser.page_source#获取网页信息
        prase_html(html)#调用提取数据的函数(后面才写到)
        return total[0].text
    except TimeoutError:
        search()

5.进入了第一页，先写好翻页的函数，需要滑动到底部才能加载后30个商品，总共有60个商品

def next_page(page_number):
    try:
        # 滑动到底部
        browser.execute_script("window.scrollTo(0, document.body.scrollHeight);")
        time.sleep(random.randint(1, 3))#设置随机延迟
        button = wait.until(
            EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.CSS_SELECTOR, '#J_bottomPage > span.p-num > a.pn-next > em'))
        )#翻页按钮
        button.click()# 翻页动作
        wait.until(
            EC.presence_of_all_elements_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR, "#J_goodsList > ul > li:nth-child(30)"))
        )#等到30个商品都加载出来
        # 滑动到底部，加载出后三十个货物信息
        browser.execute_script("window.scrollTo(0, document.body.scrollHeight);")
        wait.until(
            EC.presence_of_all_elements_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR, "#J_goodsList > ul > li:nth-child(60)"))
        )#等到60个商品都加载出来
        wait.until(
            EC.text_to_be_present_in_element((By.CSS_SELECTOR, "#J_bottomPage > span.p-num > a.curr"), str(page_number))
        )# 判断翻页成功,高亮的按钮数字与设置的页码一样
        html = browser.page_source#获取网页信息
        prase_html(html)#调用提取数据的函数
    except TimeoutError:
        return next_page(page_number)

6.能正常翻页就简单很多了，开始抽取需要的商品信息，搜索不同的关键词，页面的布局会有变化，需要重新写定位商品信息

def prase_html(html):
    html = etree.HTML(html)
    # 开始提取信息,找到ul标签下的全部li标签
    try:
        lis = browser.find_elements_by_class_name('gl-item')
        # 遍历
        for li in lis:
            # 名字
            title = li.find_element_by_xpath('.//div[@class="p-name p-name-type-2"]//em').text
            # 价格
            price = li.find_element_by_xpath('.//div[@class="p-price"]//i').text
            # 评论数
            comment = li.find_elements_by_xpath('.//div[@class="p-commit"]//a')
            # 商铺名字
            shop_name = li.find_elements_by_xpath('.//div[@class="p-shop"]//a')
            if comment:
                comment = comment[0].text
            else:
                comment = None
            if shop_name:
                shop_name = shop_name[0].text
            else:
                shop_name = None
            data_dict ={}#写入字典
            data_dict["title"] = title
            data_dict["price"] = price
            data_dict["shop_name"] = shop_name
            data_dict["comment"] = comment
            print(data_dict)
            data_list.append(data_dict)#写入全局变量
    except TimeoutError:
        prase_html(html)

7.存储方法

def save_html():
    content = json.dumps(data_list, ensure_ascii=False, indent=2)
    #把全局变量转化为json数据
    with open("jingdong.json", "a+", encoding="utf-8") as f:
        f.write(content)
        print("json文件写入成功")

    with open('jingdong.csv', 'w', encoding='utf-8', newline='') as f:
        # 表头
        title = data_list[0].keys()
        # 声明writer
        writer = csv.DictWriter(f, title)
        # 写入表头
        writer.writeheader()
        # 批量写入数据
        writer.writerows(data_list)
    print('csv文件写入完成')

8.开始调用　　

def main():
    print("第", 1, "页：")
    total = int(search())
    for i in range(2, 5):
    # for i in range(2, total + 1):#想全爬的就用这个循环
        time.sleep(random.randint(1, 3))#设置随机延迟
        print("第", i, "页：")
        next_page(i)
    save_html()

if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

 

9.附上完整代码

import time
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
import random
import json
import csv
from lxml import etree

options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
options.add_experimental_option('prefs', {'profile.managed_default_content_settings.images': 2})
#不加载图片
browser = webdriver.Chrome(options=options)
wait =WebDriverWait(browser,50)#设置等待时间
url = 'https://www.jd.com/'
data_list= []#设置全局变量用来存储数据
keyword ="python爬虫"#关键词

def search():
    browser.get('https://www.jd.com/')
    try:
        input = wait.until(
            EC.presence_of_all_elements_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR, "#key"))
        )  #等到搜索框加载出来
        submit = wait.until(
            EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.CSS_SELECTOR, "#search > div > div.form > button"))
        )#等到搜索按钮可以被点击
        input[0].send_keys(keyword)#向搜索框内输入关键词
        submit.click()#点击
        total = wait.until(
            EC.presence_of_all_elements_located(
                (By.CSS_SELECTOR, '#J_bottomPage > span.p-skip > em:nth-child(1) > b')
            )
        )#记录一下总页码,等到总页码加载出来
        # # 滑动到底部，加载出后三十个货物信息
        # browser.execute_script("window.scrollTo(0, document.body.scrollHeight);")
        # wait.until(
        #     EC.presence_of_all_elements_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR, "#J_goodsList > ul > li:nth-child(60)"))
        # )
        html = browser.page_source#获取网页信息
        prase_html(html)#调用提取数据的函数
        return total[0].text#返回总页数
    except TimeoutError:
        search()

def next_page(page_number):
    try:
        # 滑动到底部
        browser.execute_script("window.scrollTo(0, document.body.scrollHeight);")
        time.sleep(random.randint(1, 3))#设置随机延迟
        button = wait.until(
            EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.CSS_SELECTOR, '#J_bottomPage > span.p-num > a.pn-next > em'))
        )#翻页按钮
        button.click()# 翻页动作
        wait.until(
            EC.presence_of_all_elements_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR, "#J_goodsList > ul > li:nth-child(30)"))
        )#等到30个商品都加载出来
        # 滑动到底部，加载出后三十个货物信息
        browser.execute_script("window.scrollTo(0, document.body.scrollHeight);")
        wait.until(
            EC.presence_of_all_elements_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR, "#J_goodsList > ul > li:nth-child(60)"))
        )#等到60个商品都加载出来
        wait.until(
            EC.text_to_be_present_in_element((By.CSS_SELECTOR, "#J_bottomPage > span.p-num > a.curr"), str(page_number))
        )# 判断翻页成功,高亮的按钮数字与设置的页码一样
        html = browser.page_source#获取网页信息
        prase_html(html)#调用提取数据的函数
    except TimeoutError:
        return next_page(page_number)

def prase_html(html):
    html = etree.HTML(html)
    # 开始提取信息,找到ul标签下的全部li标签
    try:
        lis = browser.find_elements_by_class_name('gl-item')
        # 遍历
        for li in lis:
            # 名字
            title = li.find_element_by_xpath('.//div[@class="p-name p-name-type-2"]//em').text
            # 价格
            price = li.find_element_by_xpath('.//div[@class="p-price"]//i').text
            # 评论数
            comment = li.find_elements_by_xpath('.//div[@class="p-commit"]//a')
            # 商铺名字
            shop_name = li.find_elements_by_xpath('.//div[@class="p-shop"]//a')
            if comment:
                comment = comment[0].text
            else:
                comment = None
            if shop_name:
                shop_name = shop_name[0].text
            else:
                shop_name = None
            data_dict ={}#写入字典
            data_dict["title"] = title
            data_dict["price"] = price
            data_dict["shop_name"] = shop_name
            data_dict["comment"] = comment
            print(data_dict)
            data_list.append(data_dict)#写入全局变量
    except TimeoutError:
        prase_html(html)

def save_html():
    content = json.dumps(data_list, ensure_ascii=False, indent=2)
    #把全局变量转化为json数据
    with open("jingdong1.json", "a+", encoding="utf-8") as f:
        f.write(content)
        print("json文件写入成功")

    with open('jingdong1.csv', 'w', encoding='utf-8', newline='') as f:
        # 表头
        title = data_list[0].keys()
        # 声明writer
        writer = csv.DictWriter(f, title)
        # 写入表头
        writer.writeheader()
        # 批量写入数据
        writer.writerows(data_list)
    print('csv文件写入完成')

def main():
    print("第", 1, "页：")
    total = int(search())
    for i in range(2, 5):
    # for i in range(2, total + 1):
        time.sleep(random.randint(1, 3))  # 设置随机延迟
        print("第", i, "页：")
        next_page(i)
    save_html()

if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

　　最后再分享一些小福利

链接：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1sMxwTn7P2lhvzvWRwBjFrQ

提取码：kt2v

链接容易被举报过期，如果失效了就在这里领取吧