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Coursera Deep Learning 2 Improving Deep Neural Networks: Hyperparameter tuning, Regularization and Optimization - week1, Assignment(Initialization)

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cs231n spring 2017 lecture6 Training Neural Networks I 听课笔记

1. 激活函数: 1)Sigmoid,σ(x)=1/(1+e-x).把输出压缩在(0,1)之间.几个问题:(a)x比较大或者比较小(比如10,-10),sigmoid的曲线很平缓,导数为0,在用链式法则的时候,后一层传回来的导数乘以sigmoid的导数也是0了,换句话说,对于sigmoid饱和的区域后一层的导数传不到前面去了.(b)输出永远为正,即下一层的输入永远为正,我们希望输入的均值为0.(c)exp还是稍微有点难计算. 2)tanh(x),输出压缩在[-1,+1]之间,比sigmoid的进…

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Gradient descent Batch Gradient Decent, Mini-batch gradient descent, Stochastic gradient descent 还有很多比gradient decent 更优化的算法,在了解这些算法前,需要先理解  Exponentially weighted averages 这个概念 Exponentially weighted average 是一种计算平均值的方法,非常省storage 和 memory, 但是不是很精确.…

cs231n spring 2017 lecture7 Training Neural Networks II

1. 优化: 1.1 随机梯度下降法(Stochasitc Gradient Decent, SGD)的问题: 1)对于condition number(Hessian矩阵最大和最小的奇异值的比值)很大的loss function,一个方向梯度变化明显,另一个方向梯度变化很缓慢,SGD在优化过程中会震荡着下降,导致优化很慢.深度学习的网络会有上百万甚至更多的参数需要优化,在这个上百万维的空间里,更容易出现各个维度梯度变化差别很大的问题. 2)陷落在局部最小点或者鞍点(saddle point).…

cs231n spring 2017 lecture6 Training Neural Networks I

1. 激活函数: 1)Sigmoid,σ(x)=1/(1+e-x).把输出压缩在(0,1)之间.几个问题:(a)x比较大或者比较小(比如10,-10),sigmoid的曲线很平缓,导数为0,在用链式法则的时候,后一层传回来的导数乘以sigmoid的导数也是0了,换句话说,对于sigmoid饱和的区域后一层的导数传不到前面去了.(b)输出永远为正,即下一层的输入永远为正,我们希望输入的均值为0.(c)exp还是稍微有点难计算. 2)tanh(x),输出压缩在[-1,+1]之间,比sigmoid的进…

Binarized Neural Networks_ Training Neural Networks with Weights and Activations Constrained to +1 or −1

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