末学者笔记--Centos7系统部署cobbler批量安装系统

 

【前言】：

cobbler是一个可以实现批量安装系统的Linux应用程序。它有别于pxe+kickstart，cobbler可以实现同个服务器批量安装不同操作系统版本。

系统环境准备及其下载cobbler

一.系统环境：

开启两个网卡。一个仅主机模式，一个桥接模式，主机模式对内提供cobbler服务。

——# ip a

系统版本：CentOS Linux release 7.5.1804 (Core)

内网IP：192.168.182.128/24     #用来对内通信，提供cobbler服务

外网IP：192.168.4.190/24      #连接外网

二. 关闭安全服务

——# systemctl stop firewalld       #关闭防火墙

——# setenforce 0                #关闭selinux

三.cobbler部署：

1.第一步：下载相关程序

——# yum install cobbler dhcp  tftp-server  xinetd  syslinux  httpd  -y

syslinux: 提供pxelinux.0这个文件 ，pxelinux.0引导文件引导vmlinux和initrd两个启动文件

yum安装cobbler需要使用下面两个源，大家可以复制下面的代码到自己的yum仓库保存即可:

——#cat  /etc/yum.repos.d/new.repo

[epel]

name=epel

enabled=1

gpgcheck=0
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/epel/7/x86_64/

[centos]
name=centos base
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/

2.第二步：配置DHCP服务

——# vim /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf

subnet 192.168.182.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {

range 192.168.182.10 192.168.182.20;

default-lease-time 600;

max-lease-time 7200;

filename "pxelinux.0";

}

——# systemctl restart dhcpd

——# systemctl enable dhcpd

3.第三步：配置tftp

只改一项：

——# vim /etc/xinetd.d/tftp

# default: off

# description: The tftp server serves files using the trivial file transfer \

#    protocol.  The tftp protocol is often used to boot diskless \

#    workstations, download configuration files to network-aware printers, \

#    and to start the installation process for some operating systems.

service tftp

{

socket_type        = dgram

protocol        = udp

wait            = yes

user            = root

server            = /usr/sbin/in.tftpd

server_args        = -s /var/lib/tftpboot

disable            = no        #yes改为no

per_source        = 11

cps            = 100 2

flags            = IPv4

}

——# systemctl restart xinetd

4.第四步：启动httpd

——# systemctl restart httpd

5.第五步：启动cobbler

——# systemctl restart cobblerd

6.第六步：检查cobbler配置

——# cobbler check

The following are potential configuration items that you may want to fix:

1 : The 'server' field in /etc/cobbler/settings must be set to something other than localhost, or kickstarting features will not work.  This should be a resolvable hostname or IP for the boot server as reachable by all machines that will use it.

2 : For PXE to be functional, the 'next_server' field in /etc/cobbler/settings must be set to something other than 127.0.0.1, and should match the IP of the boot server on the PXE network.

3 : Some network boot-loaders are missing from /var/lib/cobbler/loaders, you may run 'cobbler get-loaders' to download them, or, if you only want to handle x86/x86_64 netbooting, you may ensure that you have installed a *recent* version of the syslinux package installed and can ignore this message entirely.  Files in this directory, should you want to support all architectures, should include pxelinux.0, menu.c32, elilo.efi, and yaboot. The 'cobbler get-loaders' command is the easiest way to resolve these requirements.

4 : enable and start rsyncd.service with systemctl

5 : debmirror package is not installed, it will be required to manage debian deployments and repositories

6 : The default password used by the sample templates for newly installed machines (default_password_crypted in /etc/cobbler/settings) is still set to 'cobbler' and should be changed, try: "openssl passwd -1 -salt 'random-phrase-here' 'your-password-here'" to generate new one

7 : fencing tools were not found, and are required to use the (optional) power management features. install cman or fence-agents to use them

Restart cobblerd and then run 'cobbler sync' to apply changes.

根据如上反馈，需要一一进行修改才能继续进行

修改配置文件/etc/cobbler/settings：

（1）问题一：

cobbler文件默认是127.0.0.1本地回环地址，需要更改为提供cobbler服务的ip地址192.168.182.128,在384行

384  server:192.168.182.128

（2）问题二：

netx_server也是默认本地127.0.0.1回环地址，需要修改为提供cobbler服务的ip地址 192.163.182,128，在272行

272  next_server: 192.168.182.128

（3）问题三：

缺少一些网络引导加载程序，我们只是处理网络引导，完全可以忽略

（4）问题四：

启动并设置开机自启“rsync”即可

——# systemctl restart rsyncd

——# systemctl enable rsyncd

（5）问题五：
 未安装debmirror包，需要它来管理debian部署和存储库，但我们不需要，可以忽略。

（6）问题六：
 需要更改密码

——# openssl passwd -1 -salt "123" "123456"

$1$123$7mft0jKnzzvAdU4t0unTG1      #生成密码加密符串

并把新生成的加密数据填写进/etc/cobbler/settings

——#vim /etc/cobbler/settings

。。。。。

101 default_password_crypted: "$1$123$7mft0jKnzzvAdU4t0unTG1"

（7）问题七：

(找不到防护工具，需要使用(可选)电源管理功能。安装cman或围栏代理来使用它们)，可以忽略。

7.第七步：同步和重启cobbler

——# systemctl restart cobblerd
——# cobbler sync

再次检查是否已经更改完成

——# cobbler check

The following are potential configuration items that you may want to fix:

1 : Some network boot-loaders are missing from /var/lib/cobbler/loaders, you may run 'cobbler get-loaders' to download them, or, if you only want to handle x86/x86_64 netbooting, you may ensure that you have installed a *recent* version of the syslinux package installed and can ignore this message entirely.  Files in this directory, should you want to support all architectures, should include pxelinux.0, menu.c32, elilo.efi, and yaboot. The 'cobbler get-loaders' command is the easiest way to resolve these requirements.

2 : debmirror package is not installed, it will be required to manage debian deployments and repositories

3 : fencing tools were not found, and are required to use the (optional) power management features. install cman or fence-agents to use them

Restart cobblerd and then run 'cobbler sync' to apply changes.

已经更改完毕！

8.第八步：挂载光盘并进行数据导入

挂载光盘

——# mount /dev/cdrom  /mnt

数据导入（需要一些时间）

9. 第九步：制作distro

【distro 】: 发行版, 就是我们安装什么版本的linux操作系统的名称，一会我们会导入一个 distro.

——# cobbler import --path=/mnt  --name="centos7.5"

。。。。。。

查看distro

——# cobbler distro list
centos7.5-x86_64

查看profile

——# cobbler profile list
centos7.5-x86_64

【profile】:类似于一个 配置文件，类似于你的 bash_profile， 里面包含你可以添加 kernel 参数，对应的kickstart 文件 以及 此profile 对应的 distro等等。

10.第十步：准备kickstart文件

只需要修改一处:

在root目录下找到ks文件，并移动到/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/到目录下改名为ks.cfg

——# mv  anaconda-ks.cfg  /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/ks.cfg

——# vim /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/ks.cfg

#version=DEVEL

# System authorization information

auth --enableshadow --passalgo=sha512

# Use CDROM installation media

url --url=http://192.168.182.128/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos7.5/  #这里需要更改为repodata所在的http地址

# Use graphical install

graphical

# Run the Setup Agent on first boot

firstboot --enable

ignoredisk --only-use=sda

............

11.第十一步：自定义profile

——# cobbler profile add --distro=centos7.5-x86_64 --name=centos7.5_feige --kickstart=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/ks.cfg

——# cobbler sync      #同步

12.第十二步：查看profile并删除无指定kickstart文件的profile

——# cobbler profile list

centos7.5-x86_64

centos7.5_feige

——# cobbler profile remove --name=centos7.5-x86_64

——# cobbler profile list

centos7.5_ken

四．cobbler自动化安装测试

新建一个虚拟机，需要和cobbler服务器所在同一个虚拟网络中即与我们上面设置的cobbler服务器的主机模式。内存需要3个G以上。

选择第我们自定义的包即可进行自动化安装。