『Python』matplotlib实现动画效果

一般而言，在绘制复杂动画时，主要借助模块animation来完成

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import matplotlib as mpl
from matplotlib.animation import FuncAnimation

# mpl.use("Qt5Agg")

mpl.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['SimHei']
mpl.rcParams['font.serif'] = ['SimHei']
mpl.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False  # 解决保存图像是负号'-'显示为方块的问题,或者转换负号为字符串

fig, ax = plt.subplots(1, 1)

x = np.linspace(0, 2 * np.pi, 5000)
y = np.exp(-x) * np.cos(2 * np.pi * x)
line, = ax.plot(x, y, color="cornflowerblue", lw=3)
ax.set_ylim(-1.0, 1.0)

# to clear current frame
def init():
    line.set_ydata([np.nan] * len(x))
    return line,

# to update the data
def animate(data):
    line.set_ydata(np.exp(-x) * np.cos(2 * np.pi * x + float(data) / 100))
    return line,

# to call class FuncAnimation which connects animate and init
ani = FuncAnimation(fig, animate, init_func=init, frames=200, interval=2, blit=True)

# to save the animation
ani.save("movie.mp4", fps=20, writer="ffmpeg")

plt.show()

下面展示其中的4帧结果

• line,中的逗号是不能省略的，不然就不是Line2D对象了

• FuncAnimation的构造函数主要的参数有Figure对象、函数func、帧数frames，帧时间间隔interval