【Unity3D】摇杆

1 需求实现

​ 1）需求实现

• 鼠标拖拽摇杆球控制坦克移动；
• 上下左右按键也可以控制坦克移动，并且摇杆球也同步移动；
• 鼠标右键滑动，控制坦克转向；
• 相机在玩家后上方的位置，始终跟随玩家，朝玩家正前方看；
• 单击鼠标左键或按空格键控制坦克发射炮弹。

​ 2）涉及技术栈

• Transform组件
• 人机交互Input
• 刚体组件Rigidbody
• 相机跟随
• Canvas渲染模式与锚点
• UGUI之Image
• UGUI回调函数

​ 本文代码资源见 → Unity3D 摇杆控制物体运动。

2 游戏对象

​ 1）游戏界面

​ 2）游戏对象层级结构

​ 3）Transform组件参数

​ 1. 玩家 Transform 组件参数

Name	Type	Position	Rotation	Scale	Color/Texture
Player	Empty	(0, 0.25, -5)	(0, 0, 0)	(1, 1, 1)	#228439FF
Botton	Cube	(0, 0, 0)	(0, 0, 0)	(2, 0.5, 2)	#228439FF
Top	Cube	(0, 0.5, 0)	(0, 0, 0)	(1, 0.5, 1)	#228439FF
Gun	Cylinder	(0, 0, 1.5)	(90, 0, 0)	(0.2, 1, 0.4)	#228439FF
FirePoint	Empty	(0, 1.15, 0)	(0, 0, 0)	(1, 1, 1)	——

​ 补充：Player 游戏对象添加了刚体组件。

​ 2. 地面和炮弹 Transform 组件参数

Name	Type	Position	Rotation	Scale	Color/Texture
Plane	Plane	(0, 0, 0)	(0, 0, 0)	(10, 10, 10)	GrassRockyAlbedo
Bullet	Sphere	(0, 0.5, -5)	(0, 0, 0)	(0.3, 0.3, 0.3)	#228439FF

​ 补充：炮弹作为预设体拖拽到 Assets/Resources/Prefabs 目录下，并且添加了刚体组件。

​ 3. 摇杆 RectTransform 组件参数

Name	Type	Width/Height	Pos	Anchors
Stick	Canvas	——	——	——
Background	Image	(100, 100)	(75, 75, 0)	(0, 0), (0, 0)
Ball	Image	(40, 40)	(75, 75, 0)	(0, 0), (0, 0)

3 脚本组件

​ 1）CameraController

​ CameraController.cs

using UnityEngine;

public class CameraController : MonoBehaviour {
	private Transform player; // 玩家
	private Vector3 relaPlayerPos; // 相机在玩家坐标系中的位置
	private float targetDistance = 15f; // 相机看向玩家前方的位置

	private void Start() {
		relaPlayerPos = new Vector3(0, 4, -8);
		player = GameObject.Find("Player/Top").transform;
	}

	private void LateUpdate() {
		CompCameraPos();
	}

	private void CompCameraPos() { // 计算相机坐标
		Vector3 target = player.position + player.forward * targetDistance;
		transform.position = transformVecter(relaPlayerPos, player.position, player.right, player.up, player.forward);
		transform.rotation = Quaternion.LookRotation(target - transform.position);
	}

	// 求以origin为原点, locX, locY, locZ 为坐标轴的本地坐标系中的向量 vec 在世界坐标系中对应的向量
	private Vector3 transformVecter(Vector3 vec, Vector3 origin, Vector3 locX,  Vector3 locY,  Vector3 locZ) {
		return vec.x * locX + vec.y * locY + vec.z * locZ + origin;
	}
}

​ 说明： CameraController 脚本组件挂在 MainCamera 游戏对象上。

​ 2）PlayerController

​ PlayerController.cs

using System;
using UnityEngine;

public class PlayerController : MonoBehaviour {
	private Transform firePoint; // 开火点
	private GameObject bulletPrefab; // 炮弹预设体
	private StickController stick; // 摇杆控制器
	private float tankMoveSpeed = 4f; // 坦克移动速度
	private float tankRotateSpeed = 2f; // 坦克转向速度
	private Vector3 predownMousePoint; // 鼠标按下时的位置
	private Vector3 currMousePoint; // 当前鼠标位置
	private float fireWaitTime = float.MaxValue; // 距离上次开火已等待的时间
	private float bulletCoolTime = 0.15f; // 炮弹冷却时间

 	private void Start() {
		firePoint = transform.Find("Top/Gun/FirePoint");
		bulletPrefab = (GameObject) Resources.Load("Prefabs/Bullet");
		stick = GameObject.Find("Stick/Ball").GetComponent<StickController>();
	}

	private void Update() {
		Move();
		Rotate();
		Fire();
	}

	private void Move() { // 坦克移动
		float hor = Input.GetAxis("Horizontal");
        float ver = Input.GetAxis("Vertical");
		Move(hor, ver);
	}

	public void Move(float hor, float ver) { // 坦克移动
		if (Mathf.Abs(hor) > float.Epsilon || Mathf.Abs(ver) > float.Epsilon) {
			Vector3 vec = transform.forward * ver + transform.right * hor;
			GetComponent<Rigidbody>().velocity = vec * tankMoveSpeed;
			// stick.UpdateStick(new Vector3(hor, 0, ver));
			Vector3 dire = new Vector3(hor, ver, 0);
			dire =  dire.normalized * Mathf.Min(dire.magnitude, 1);
			stick.UpdateStick(dire);
		}
	}

	private void Rotate() { // 坦克旋转
		if (Input.GetMouseButtonDown(1)) {
			predownMousePoint = Input.mousePosition;
		} else if (Input.GetMouseButton(1)) {
			currMousePoint = Input.mousePosition;
			Vector3 vec = currMousePoint - predownMousePoint;
			GetComponent<Rigidbody>().angularVelocity = Vector3.up * tankRotateSpeed * vec.x;
			predownMousePoint = currMousePoint;
		}
	}

	private void Fire() { // 坦克开炮
		fireWaitTime += Time.deltaTime;
		if (Input.GetMouseButtonDown(0) && !IsMouseInUIArea() || Input.GetKeyDown(KeyCode.Space)) {
			if (fireWaitTime > bulletCoolTime) {
				BulletInfo bulletInfo = new BulletInfo("PlayerBullet", Color.red, transform.forward, 10f, 15f);
				GameObject bullet = Instantiate(bulletPrefab, firePoint.position, Quaternion.identity);
				bullet.AddComponent<BulletController>().SetBulletInfo(bulletInfo);
				fireWaitTime = 0f;
			}
		}
	}

	private bool IsMouseInUIArea() { // 鼠标在UI控件区域
		Vector3 pos = Input.mousePosition;
		return pos.x < 150 && pos.y < 150;
	}
}

​ 说明： PlayerController 脚本组件挂在 Player 游戏对象上。

​ 3）StickController

​ StickController.cs

using UnityEngine;
using UnityEngine.UI;
using UnityEngine.EventSystems;

public class StickController : MonoBehaviour, IDragHandler, IEndDragHandler {
	private Vector3 originPos; // 鼠标开始拖拽时位置
	private Vector3 currPos; // 鼠标当前位置
	private float radius; // 遥杆半径
	private PlayerController player; // 玩家控制器
	private Vector3 dire = Vector3.zero; // 摇杆球的方位

	private void Start () {
		originPos = transform.position;
		radius = 50;
		player = GameObject.Find("Player").GetComponent<PlayerController>();
	}

	private void Update () {
		player.Move(dire.x, dire.y);
	}

	public void OnDrag(PointerEventData eventData) {
		Vector3 vec = Input.mousePosition - originPos;
		dire = vec.normalized * Mathf.Min(vec.magnitude / radius, 1);
		UpdateStick(dire);
	}

	public void OnEndDrag(PointerEventData eventData) {
		transform.position = originPos;
		dire = Vector3.zero;
	}

	public void UpdateStick(Vector3 dire) { // 更新摇杆位置
		transform.position = originPos + dire * radius;
	}
}

​ 说明： StickController 脚本组件挂在 Ball 游戏对象上。

​ 4）BulletController

​ BulletController.cs

using UnityEngine;
using UnityEngine.UI;

public class BulletController : MonoBehaviour {
	private BulletInfo bulletInfo; // 炮弹信息

	private void Start () {
		gameObject.name = bulletInfo.name;
		GetComponent<MeshRenderer>().material.color = bulletInfo.color;
		float lifeTime = bulletInfo.fireRange / bulletInfo.speed; // 存活时间
		Destroy(gameObject, lifeTime);
	}

	private void Update () {
		transform.GetComponent<Rigidbody>().velocity = bulletInfo.flyDir * bulletInfo.speed;
	}

	public void SetBulletInfo(BulletInfo bulletInfo) {
		this.bulletInfo = bulletInfo;
	}
}

​ 说明： BulletController 脚本组件挂在 Bullet 游戏对象上（代码里动态添加）。

​ 5）BulletInfo

​ BulletInfo.cs

using UnityEngine;

public class BulletInfo {
	public string name; // 炮弹名
	public Color color; // 炮弹颜色
	public Vector3 flyDir; // 炮弹飞出方向
	public float speed; // 炮弹飞行速度
	public float fireRange; // 炮弹射程

	public BulletInfo(string name, Color color, Vector3 flyDir, float speed, float fireRange) {
		this.name = name;
		this.color = color;
		this.flyDir = flyDir;
		this.speed = speed;
		this.fireRange = fireRange;
	}
}

4 运行效果

​ 声明：本文转自【Unity3D】摇杆