[LeetCode] Insert Delete GetRandom O(1) 常数时间内插入删除和获得随机数
Design a data structure that supports all following operations in average O(1) time.
insert(val): Inserts an item val to the set if not already present.remove(val): Removes an item val from the set if present.getRandom: Returns a random element from current set of elements. Each element must have the same probability of being returned.
Example:
// Init an empty set.
RandomizedSet randomSet = new RandomizedSet(); // Inserts 1 to the set. Returns true as 1 was inserted successfully.
randomSet.insert(1); // Returns false as 2 does not exist in the set.
randomSet.remove(2); // Inserts 2 to the set, returns true. Set now contains [1,2].
randomSet.insert(2); // getRandom should return either 1 or 2 randomly.
randomSet.getRandom(); // Removes 1 from the set, returns true. Set now contains [2].
randomSet.remove(1); // 2 was already in the set, so return false.
randomSet.insert(2); // Since 1 is the only number in the set, getRandom always return 1.
randomSet.getRandom();
这道题让我们在常数时间范围内实现插入删除和获得随机数操作,如果这道题没有常数时间的限制,那么将会是一道非常简单的题,直接用一个 HashSet 就可以搞定所有的操作。但是由于时间的限制,无法在常数时间内实现获取随机数,所以只能另辟蹊径。此题的正确解法是利用到了一个一维数组和一个 HashMap,其中数组用来保存数字,HashMap 用来建立每个数字和其在数组中的位置之间的映射,对于插入操作,先看这个数字是否已经在 HashMap 中存在,如果存在的话直接返回 false,不存在的话,将其插入到数组的末尾,然后建立数字和其位置的映射。删除操作是比较 tricky 的,还是要先判断其是否在 HashMap 里,如果没有,直接返回 false。由于 HashMap 的删除是常数时间的,而数组并不是,为了使数组删除也能常数级,实际上将要删除的数字和数组的最后一个数字调换个位置,然后修改对应的 HashMap 中的值,这样只需要删除数组的最后一个元素即可,保证了常数时间内的删除。而返回随机数对于数组来说就很简单了,只要随机生成一个位置,返回该位置上的数字即可,参见代码如下:
class RandomizedSet {
public:
RandomizedSet() {}
bool insert(int val) {
if (m.count(val)) return false;
nums.push_back(val);
m[val] = nums.size() - ;
return true;
}
bool remove(int val) {
if (!m.count(val)) return false;
int last = nums.back();
m[last] = m[val];
nums[m[val]] = last;
nums.pop_back();
m.erase(val);
return true;
}
int getRandom() {
return nums[rand() % nums.size()];
}
private:
vector<int> nums;
unordered_map<int, int> m;
};
Github 同步地址:
https://github.com/grandyang/leetcode/issues/380
类似题目:
Insert Delete GetRandom O(1) - Duplicates allowed
参考资料:
https://leetcode.com/problems/insert-delete-getrandom-o1/
LeetCode All in One 题目讲解汇总(持续更新中...)
[LeetCode] Insert Delete GetRandom O(1) 常数时间内插入删除和获得随机数的更多相关文章
- [LeetCode] 380. Insert Delete GetRandom O(1) 常数时间内插入删除和获得随机数
Design a data structure that supports all following operations in average O(1) time. insert(val): In ...
- [LeetCode] 381. Insert Delete GetRandom O(1) - Duplicates allowed 插入删除和获得随机数O(1)时间 - 允许重复
Design a data structure that supports all following operations in average O(1) time. Note: Duplicate ...
- [leetcode]380. Insert Delete GetRandom O(1)常数时间插入删除取随机值
Design a data structure that supports all following operations in average O(1) time. insert(val): In ...
- [LeetCode] Insert Delete GetRandom O(1) - Duplicates allowed 常数时间内插入删除和获得随机数 - 允许重复
Design a data structure that supports all following operations in average O(1) time. Note: Duplicate ...
- [LeetCode] 381. Insert Delete GetRandom O(1) - Duplicates allowed 常数时间内插入删除和获得随机数 - 允许重复
Design a data structure that supports all following operations in average O(1) time. Note: Duplicate ...
- LeetCode 380. Insert Delete GetRandom O(1) 常数时间插入、删除和获取随机元素(C++/Java)
题目: Design a data structure that supports all following operations in averageO(1) time. insert(val): ...
- Leetcode: Insert Delete GetRandom O(1) - Duplicates allowed
Design a data structure that supports all following operations in average O(1) time. Note: Duplicate ...
- Leetcode: Insert Delete GetRandom O(1)
Design a data structure that supports all following operations in average O(1) time. insert(val): In ...
- [LeetCode] 380. Insert Delete GetRandom O(1) 插入删除获得随机数O(1)时间
Design a data structure that supports all following operations in average O(1) time. insert(val): In ...
随机推荐
- ASP.NET Core 中文文档 第二章 指南(8) 使用 dotnet watch 开发 ASP.NET Core 应用程序
原文:Developing ASP.NET Core applications using dotnet watch 作者:Victor Hurdugaci 翻译:谢炀(Kiler) 校对:刘怡(Al ...
- [原创]django+ldap+memcache实现单点登录+统一认证
前言 由于公司内部的系统越来越多,为了方便用户使用,通过django进行了单点登录和统一认证的尝试,目前实现了django项目的单点登录和非django项目的统一认证,中间波折挺多,涉及的技术包括dj ...
- JavaScript 垃圾回收
在公司经常会听到大牛们讨论时说道内存泄露神马的,每每都惊羡不已,最近精力主要用在了Web 开发上,读了一下<JavaScript高级程序设计>(书名很唬人,实际作者写的特别好,由浅入深)了 ...
- MyCat源码分析系列之——前后端验证
更多MyCat源码分析,请戳MyCat源码分析系列 MyCat前端验证 MyCat的前端验证指的是应用连接MyCat时进行的用户验证过程,如使用MySQL客户端时,$ mysql -uroot -pr ...
- 仅此一文让你明白ASP.NET MVC原理
ASP.NET MVC由以下两个核心组成部分构成: 一个名为UrlRoutingModule的自定义HttpModule,用来解析Controller与Action名称: 一个名为MvcHandler ...
- csharp: Download SVN source
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.ComponentModel; using System.Data; usin ...
- Docker的ubuntu镜像安装的容器无ifconfig和ping命令的解决
Docker的Ubuntu镜像安装的容器无ifconfig命令和ping命令 解决: apt-get update apt install net-tools # ifconfig apt ...
- mysql主从之slave-skip-errors和sql_slave_skip_counter
一般来说,为了保险起见,在主从库维护中,有时候需要跳过某个无法执行的命令,需要在slave处于stop状态下,执行 set global sql_slave_skip_counter=1以跳过命令.但 ...
- Sencha, the nightmare!
基础 创建一个应用程序 sencha -sdk /path/to/sdk generate app %name% /path/to/app 跑起来 cd /path/to/app sencha app ...
- 如何在SharePoint 当中使用纯JSOM上传任意二进制文件(小于2MB)
在微软的官方网站上有关于如何在SharePoint当中使用JS创建一个简单的文本文件的例子,经过我的思考我觉得结合Html5特性的浏览器,是完全可以通过JS来读取到文件的内容的(这一部分的内容请大家自 ...