titan

1. 简介
   
   （1）titan：存储，查询图形结构的数据库。分布式集群环境下，可支持数以千亿级别的点和边，同时支持上千个并发的实时的复杂图形遍历，支持ACID事务。
   
   （2）架构：支持以下3方面的自由组合

   • 节点和边的存储：
     • Apache Cassandra
     • Apache HBase
     • Oracle BerkeleyDB（测试使用）
   • 图形分析组件：
     • Spark
     • Giraph
     • Hadoop
   • 地理，数值，全文检索支持
     • ElasticSearch
     • Solr
     • Lucene

2. titan-hbase-es部署范例
   
   （1）版本对应
   
   titan:0.54-hadoop2，hbase:1.1.5 (版本相对宽松)，elasticsearch:1.4，rexster-server:2.6
   
   （2）titan server部署

   • rexster-server解压

   • 修改config/rexster.xml文件,添加如下内容

     <graph>
         <graph-enabled>true</graph-enabled>
         <graph-name>titanexample</graph-name>
         <graph-type>com.thinkaurelius.titan.tinkerpop.rexster.TitanGraphConfiguration</graph-type>
         <graph-location></graph-location>
         <graph-read-only>false</graph-read-only>
         <properties>
     <storage.backend>hbase</storage.backend>
     <storage.hostname>localhost:2181,localhost:2182,localhost:2183</storage.hostname>
     <storage.hbase.table>facebook</storage.hbase.table>
     <index.search.backend>elasticsearch</index.search.backend>
     <index.search.elasticsearch.client-only>true</index.search.elasticsearch.client-only>
     <index.search.hostname>127.0.0.1</index.search.hostname>
     <index.search.index-name>facebook</index.search.index-name>
         </properties>
         <extensions>
         <allows>
             <allow>tp:gremlin</allow>
         </allows>
         </extensions>
     </graph>
     

   • 复制titan jar包到rexster lib

   cp   TITAN_HOME/lib/*    REXSTER_HOME/ext/titan/
   

   • 删除rexster/lib下的lucene相关jar包，会与titan的引起冲突
   • 开启rexster

   ./bin/rexster.sh -s -c ./config/rexster.xml
   

   • 访问http://ip:8182/graphs/titanexample，REST

3. titan server接口
   
   （1）RexPro二进制协议

   public class TestClient {
       public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
           RexsterClient client = RexsterClientFactory.open("localhost", "titanexample");
           List<Map<String,Object>> result;
           result = client.execute("aa=g.V.has('name','saturn');aa.next()");
           //result = client.execute("g.getManagementSystem().get(‘cache.db-cache’)");
           // result.toString(): [{name="jupiter"}]
           System.out.println(result);
           client.close();
       }
   }
   

   <dependency>
       <groupId>com.tinkerpop.rexster</groupId>
       <artifactId>rexster-protocol</artifactId>
       <version>2.6.0</version>
   </dependency>
   

（2）thinkerpop - REST协议

1. “红楼梦宗谱”示例
   
   （1）编写blueprint脚本，设置schema，索引，添加将节点数据

   com.thinkaurelius.titan.core.schema.TitanManagement mgmt = g.getManagementSystem();
   //点的属性名
   com.thinkaurelius.titan.core.PropertyKey name = mgmt.makePropertyKey("name").dataType(String.class).make();
   com.thinkaurelius.titan.core.PropertyKey age = mgmt.makePropertyKey("age").dataType(Integer.class).make();
   // 点的标签名
   mgmt.makeVertexLabel("people").make();  //该点表示人
   mgmt.makeVertexLabel("hobby").make();   //该点是一个运动
   // 给点的姓名年龄建索引
   mgmt.buildIndex("name",Vertex.class).addKey(name).unique().buildCompositeIndex(); // "search"是配置文件中的标识符
   mgmt.buildIndex("vertices",Vertex.class).addKey(age).buildMixedIndex("search");   // mixedIndex是外部索引，用es存储索引
   
   // 边的属性
   mgmt.makeEdgeLabel("father").multiplicity(com.thinkaurelius.titan.core.Multiplicity.MANY2ONE).make();
   mgmt.makeEdgeLabel("mother").multiplicity(com.thinkaurelius.titan.core.Multiplicity.MANY2ONE).make();
   mgmt.makeEdgeLabel("hobby").multiplicity(com.thinkaurelius.titan.core.Multiplicity.MULTI).make();
   com.thinkaurelius.titan.core.PropertyKey time = mgmt.makePropertyKey("time").dataType(Integer.class).make();
   com.thinkaurelius.titan.core.EdgeLabel love = mgmt.makeEdgeLabel("love").signature(time).make();//什么时候确立爱情挂席
   mgmt.buildEdgeIndex(love,"lovetime", Direction.BOTH, com.thinkaurelius.titan.core.Order.DESC,time);
   mgmt.commit();
   
   //插入点
   com.thinkaurelius.titan.core.TitanTransaction tx = g.newTransaction();
   Vertex jiazheng = tx.addVertexWithLabel("people");   // 贾政
   jiazheng.setProperty("name","贾政");
   jiazheng.setProperty("age",48);
   Vertex jiabaoyu = tx.addVertexWithLabel("people");   // 贾宝玉
   jiabaoyu.setProperty("name","贾宝玉");
   jiabaoyu.setProperty("age",18);
   Vertex wangfuren = tx.addVertexWithLabel("people");  // 王夫人
   wangfuren.setProperty("name","王夫人");
   wangfuren.setProperty("age",47);
   Vertex xuebaochai = tx.addVertexWithLabel("people");  // 薛宝钗
   xuebaochai.setProperty("name","薛宝钗");
   xuebaochai.setProperty("age",17);
   
   Vertex cixiu = tx.addVertexWithLabel("hobby");
   cixiu.setProperty("name","刺绣");
   Vertex zuoshi = tx.addVertexWithLabel("hobby");
   zuoshi.setProperty("name","作诗");
   
   //插入边
   jiabaoyu.addEdge("father",jiazheng);
   jiabaoyu.addEdge("mother",wangfuren);
   ElementHelper.setProperties(jiabaoyu.addEdge("love",xuebaochai),"time",1001);   // 贾宝玉爱林黛玉，"time"属性为1001
   wangfuren.addEdge("hobby",cixiu);
   xuebaochai.addEdge("hobby",zuoshi);
   
   tx.commit();
   

（2）通过RexPro协议发送脚本到服务器

java public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { RexsterClient client = RexsterClientFactory.open("localhost", "titanexample"); List<Map<String,Object>> result; BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("facebook-gremlin"))); String str=""; StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer(); while((str = br.readLine())!=null){ sb.append(str); } System.out.println(sb.toString()); result = client.execute(sb.toString()); System.out.println(result); client.close(); }

（3）rest api

shell curl -XGET http://localhost:8182/graphs/titanexample/vertices #查看所有边 curl -XGET http://localhost:8182/graphs/titanexample/edges curl -XGET http://localhost:8182/graphs/titanexample/keyindices curl -XGET http://localhost:8182/graphs/titanexample/vertices/16400/in #查询节点的入射边 curl -XPOST http://localhost:8182/graphs/titanexample/vertices/11111?name=zhangsan&age=24 #创建节点 curl -XPOST http://localhost:8182/graphs/titanexample/edges?_outV=<id>&_label=friend&_inV=2&<key>=<key'> #创建节点间的边

（4）gremlin查询示例，查询贾宝玉的父亲

```shell
gremlin> g.V.has('name','贾宝玉').next().out('father').name
==>贾政
```

（5）全文检索节点,按照es的格式封装的map

```java
result = client.execute("g.indexQuery(\"vertices\", \"v.age:(17)\").vertices().get(0).getElement()");
for (Map<String, Object> map : result) {
    for (Map.Entry<String, Object> en : map.entrySet()) {
        System.out.print(en.getKey()+":"+en.getValue()+"\t\t");
    }
    System.out.println();
}
/**
_type:vertex		_properties:{name=薛宝钗, age=17}		_id:16496
*/
```

1. 数据展现

   • Sigma.js it's a free and open source tool for graph visualization quite nice. Linkurious is using a fork version of it as far as I know in their product.
   • VivaGraph it's another free and open source tool for graph visualization tool - but it has a smaller community compared to SigmaJS.
   • D3.js it's the factotum for data visualization, you can do basically every kind of visualization based on that, but the learning curve is quite steep.
   • Gephi is another free and open source desktop solution, you have to use an external plugin with that probably but it does support most of the formats out there - graphML, CSV, Neo4J, etc...

2. 参考网站
   
   thinkerpop
   
   gremlin与sql对比查询语法
   
   sparql-gremlin插件
   
   DataStax给出的图形查询语言，包括sparql，GraphQL, Cypher, Gremlin